Case Rule 1

Rule 1 The Game, Field, Players and Equipment – With Case Plays

 

  SECTION 1 THE GAME  

ART. 1 . . . It is the object of the game for one team to carry or pass the ball across the opponent’s goal line or to kick the ball through the opponent’s goal by a place kick or drop kick. The game is won by the team which accumulates the most points.

ART. 2 . . . The game of football is played with an inflated ball by two teams on a rectangular field 360 by 160 feet. While the ball is live, an interval called a down is in progress and the team in possession attempts to advance the ball by carrying, kicking or passing it. If a foul occurs, the penalty loss, if not declined, is enforced during the interval between downs. The team in possession has a series of four downs numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 to advance the ball to the line to gain, which is usually 10 yards in advance of the spot where the series begins. Points are scored by touchdown, successful try, field goal or safety.

ART. 3 . . . Each team shall begin the game with 11 players, but if it has no substitutes to replace injured or disqualified players, it may continue with fewer.

 NUMBER OF PLAYERS 

1.1.3 SITUATION: During the waning moments of the game, a fight erupts and several players from each team are disqualified. When order is restored, it is discovered Team A has 11 players available and B has only nine. There are no other team members eligible for participation following the mass disqualification. RULING: Each team must have at least 11 players in order for the game to start. The game may continue even though one team does not have 11 players. There is no penalty for a team having fewer than 11 players, except when that team is on offense, there must be at least five players on the line of scrimmage. (2-14-1, 7-2-5a)

ART. 4 . . . The game is administered by game officials whose title and duties are stated in the NFHS Football Game Officials Manual.
NOTE: Each state association may determine the number of game officials to be used. ART. 5 . . . Prior to the game, the referee shall meet with the head coach(es) and captain(s) and explain that everyone is expected to exhibit good sportsmanship throughout the game.

ART. 6 . . . The referee has authority to rule promptly, and in the spirit of good sportsmanship, on any situation not specifically covered in the rules. The referee’s decisions are final in all matters pertaining to the game.

 TEAMS ENTERING FIELD 

1.1.6 SITUATION: Prior to the game, both teams wait for the other team to go on the field first. RULING: The referee shall direct the home-team coach to have his team enter first. The referee has authority to rule on any situation not specifically covered in the rules.

ART. 7 . . . The game officials shall assume authority for the game, including penalizing unsportsmanlike acts, 30 minutes prior to the scheduled game time – an earlier time if required by the state association – or as soon thereafter as they are able to be present.

 GAME OFFICIALS AUTHORITY 

1.1.7 SITUATION: With 35:00 on the countdown clock, individuals on the field for pregame warm-up engage in unsportsmanlike behavior. The state association rule is that game officials: (a) assume authority 30 minutes before the game; (b) assume authority 45 minutes before the game; or (c) authority prior to the game is not addressed in state association rules. RULING: In (a) and (c), there is no foul as this is a game administration issue and not one under authority of the game officials. In (b), the unsportsmanlike conduct fouls would be assessed prior to the kickoff, and should be explained thoroughly by the referee prior to the coin toss options being given.

ART. 8 . . . The game officials’ authority extends through the referee’s declaration of the end of the fourth period or overtime. The game officials retain clerical authority over the game through the completion of any reports, including those imposing disqualifications, that are responsive to actions occurring while the game officials had jurisdiction. State Associations may intercede in the event of unusual incidents that occur before, during or after the game officials’ jurisdiction has ended or in the event that a game is terminated prior to the conclusion of regulation play.

 GAME OFFICIALS AUTHORITY 

1.1.8 SITUATION A: A fight occurs toward the end of a game and the game has been terminated early. In (a) game officials identify the players in the altercation on the field immediately and report the numbers to head coaches of both teams; in (b) game officials meet in the locker room to reconcile and agree on information and record the player numbers who were involved in the altercation. RULING: In (a) and (b), this is correct procedure. Game officials must then adhere to state association policy with regard to the filing of post-game reports.

1.1.8 SITUATION B: A fight occurs during or at the immediate end of the game and game officials record the known player numbers who were involved in the altercation. After the game, the state association requests a copy of the game film and in accordance with adopted state association procedures, determines additional players were involved and revises the numbers and names of the players involved and issues final rulings. RULING: This is correct procedure.

1.1.8 SITUATION C: Immediately following the game, the coach of Team A curses the game officials as they are leaving the field and prior to their return to their dressing room. This occurs: (a) before; or (b) after the referee has declared the end of the game with the proper signal. RULING: In either situation, this is an unsportsmanlike act. Fouls such as this foul will not involve a distance penalty as the game has ended for the purpose of on-field play, but unsportsmanlike acts such as this remain under the authority of the game officials for the purpose of filing necessary reports regarding unsportsmanlike acts. Incidents such as this shall be reported to the home school state association in accordance with adopted procedures. 

ART. 9 . . . The game officials shall have the authority to make decisions for infractions of the rules. The use of any replay or television monitoring equipment by the game officials in making any decision relating to the game is prohibited, unless used in compliance with Rule 1-3-7 NOTE as authorized in a state association postseason game.

 VIDEO REPLAYS PROHIBITED 

1.1.9 SITUATION: A1 advances the ball to near B’s goal line where several B players try to prevent the score. The covering official rules a touchdown. Sideline replay equipment clearly shows: (a) A1 fumbled the ball at B’s 1-yard line; or (b) A1 stepped out of bounds on B’s 2-yard line; or (c) A2 was illegally in motion at the snap. RULING: Unless the state association has approved replay for a post- season game, the touchdown is scored in all cases. Video monitoring or replay equipment shall not be used by game officials to make any decision relating to the game unless used in compliance with 1-3-7 NOTE as authorized in a state association postseason game. (1-3-7 NOTE)

ART. 10 . . . The referee’s decision to forfeit a game is final.

ART. 11 . . . Protests of NFHS rules are not recognized. 

  SECTION 2 THE FIELD AND MARKINGS  

ART. 1 . . . The field shall be a rectangular area with dimensions, lines, zones, goals and markers as shown on the accompanying diagram. There shall be two sidelines running the length of the field along each side that serve as boundary lines for play. It is recommended there be a slope of ¼ inch per foot from the center of the field to each sideline on a natural grass field. There shall be two goal lines, running parallel to each other and perpendicular to the sidelines. The field of play is the area within the boundary lines, and the goal lines. There shall be two endlines, running parallel to each other, parallel to the goal lines that serve as a boundary line for play.
NOTE: The rise from each sideline to the center of a natural grass field is 20 inches when the recommended slope is used.

ART. 2 . . . Yard-line markers, constructed of soft, pliable materials, if placed on the ground, should be no closer than 5 yards to the sideline.

ART. 3 . . . Lines and other markings:

  1. Lines shall be marked with a noncaustic, nontoxic material designed for marking fields such as powdered gypsum, calcium carbonate and liquid aerosol paint. It is recommended that these lines be white. Neither lime, hydrated lime or other chemical derivatives of lime, nor caustic material of any kind may be used for marking football fields.
  2. Yard lines shall be marked with a continuous line every 5 yards beginning and ending 4 inches from each sideline.
    NOTES:
    1. Game administration may place on the field of play, 4 inches from each sideline, yard-line extensions that should be 24 inches in length and 4 inches in width.
    2. If the field of play has a logo in the center or at any other part of the field of play, that logo shall not obstruct the visibility of the required marks every five yards. A solid or shadow-bordered 4-inch-wide line is permissible. A shadow line is a line that designates the required 4-inch width by use of a border or outline lines, at least ¼-inch wide which shall lie within the 4-inch width. Shadow lines that are the natural color of the field of play are permissible. The area within these lines need not be one color, but the continuous 4-inch-wide outline must be clearly visible to the game officials.
  3. End lines and sidelines shall be continuous lines at least 4 inches wide. All other field dimension lines should be marked 4 inches in width.
  4. A 4-inch-wide restraining line shall be placed around the outside of the field, at least 2 yards from the sidelines and end lines, as an extension of the line limiting the team box area, except in stadiums where the total playing enclosure does not permit the restraining line. It is recommended that the restraining line be marked by placing 12-inch-long lines, separated at 24- inch intervals.
    NOTE: Game administration may place 4-inch wide and 12-inch long bisecting marks along the restraining line at each 5-yard line between the goal lines.
  5. A series of “hash marks” should be 24 inches in length and 4 inches in width and shall be located 53 feet, 4 inches from and parallel with each sideline dividing the field of play longitudinally in thirds. The lines shall be marked so that each 5-yard line bisects the hash mark.
    NOTES:
    1. Game administration may place on the field of play, with the inner edge of the extension in line with the outer edge of the hash mark, yard-line extensions that should be 24 inches in length and 4 inches in width.
    2. It is permissible to use college or professional fields with hash marks marked at the distance specified by their respective codes, and with advertising and/or commercial markings placed on the field of play by home management that meet the requirements of Rule 1-2-3l.
  6. 9-yard marks, 12 inches in length and 4 inches in width, shall be located 9 yards from each sideline. The 9-yard marks shall be marked so that at least each successive 10-yard line bisects the 9-yard marks. These marks shall not be required if the field of play is visibly numbered. If on-the-field numbers are used, the tops of those numbers shall be 9 yards from the sideline, should be 6 feet in height and 4 feet in width and may include directional arrows next to the yard-line numbers indicating the direction toward the nearest goal line.
  7. Team boxes shall be marked on each side of the field outside the coaches’ area between the 25-yard lines for use of coaches, substitutes, athletic trainers, etc., affiliated with the team. The coaches’ area is a minimum of a 2-yard belt between the front of the team box and the sideline, and becomes a restricted area when the ball is live.
    NOTES:
    1. It is permissible for both team boxes to be on the same side of the field, provided each team box is marked between respective 20- and 45-yard lines.
    2. It is recommended goal lines and the team box boundaries be marked in a color which contrasts with other field markings and the area between the sidelines and the team box boundaries be solid white or marked with diagonal lines.
    3. It is permissible for state associations to approve an extension of the team box and to determine the individuals who may be in the extended area, provided such extension is the same for both teams.
  8. Decorative markings in the end zones shall be no closer than 2 feet from the boundary and the goal lines.
  9. Measurements shall be from the inside edges of the boundary marks, such marks being out of bounds.
  10. Each goal-line mark shall be entirely in its end zone so the edge toward the field of play and its vertical plane is the actual goal line. The goal line shall extend from sideline to sideline.
  11. A line, 4 inches wide and a minimum of 24 inches in length, shall be centered in the field of play, three yards from each goal line.
  12. Advertising and/or commercial markings shall not obstruct the yard lines, hash marks or 9-yard marks (7-yard marks in nine-, eight- and six-player competition).
 FIELD MARKINGS AND PYLONS 

1.2.3 SITUATION: The game officials inspect the playing field as a part of their pregame routine and determine that (a) the game field does not have the required markings such as a restraining line marked at all on the field from the sidelines and end lines or contains commercial logo art that obstructs the yard lines; or (b) the 3-yard line that is marked on the game field for the try is only 12 inches in length. RULING: In both (a) and (b), the field markings are not legal by rule, but the game will be played. In (a), a 4-inch-wide restraining line shall be placed around the outside of the field, at least 2 yards from the sidelines and end lines, as an extension of the line limiting the team box area, except in stadiums where the total playing enclosure does not permit. In (b), a line 4 inches wide and a minimum of 24 inches in length shall be centered in the field of play, 3 yards from each goal line. COMMENT: The game officials shall notify game management and the football administrator in their respective state association office to let them know that the football game field at this school was not properly marked as stated by NFHS football rules. (1-2-3d, 1-2-3k, 1-2-3l) 

ART. 4 . . . A soft, flexible pylon, which is 4 inches square, 18 inches high, either orange, red or yellow in color, and does not create risk, shall be placed at the inside corner of each of the intersections of the sidelines with the goal lines and the end lines, as well as with each intersection of the hash marks extended and shall be placed either 3 feet beyond the end lines or on the end lines. When properly placed, the goal line pylon is out of bounds at the intersection of the sideline and the goal line extended.

ART. 5 . . . The goal:

  1. The goal is the vertical plane midway between the sidelines extending indefinitely above the inside of the uprights and the front edge of the crossbar and in the same vertical plane as the inside edge of the end line.
  2. The top of the crossbar shall be 10 feet above the ground, measured from the base of each upright to the top of the crossbar at the intersection, or at each end of the crossbar perpendicular to the ground when a single pedestal is used.
  3. The crossbar shall be 23 feet, 4 inches long.
  4. The uprights shall be 23 feet, 4 inches apart inside to inside and each up- right may not exceed 4 inches in width.
    NOTE: It is permissible to use college or professional fields with goal post uprights set at the width specified by their respective codes.
  5. The uprights shall extend a minimum of 10 feet above the crossbar.
  6. The goal posts shall be padded with resilient, shock absorbing material to a height of at least 6 feet above the ground.
  7. The horizontal crossbar and the uprights above it shall be free from any decorative material except paint which is recommended to be either silver, white or yellow in color. One wind directional streamer may be attached to the top of each upright. Wind directional streamers shall be 4 inches in width, 42 inches in length and either red, orange, or yellow in color. 
 GOAL POSTS 

1.2.5 SITUATION: During the pregame meeting with the visiting coach, the coach complains to the referee that the distance between the goal posts is 18 feet, 6 inches as used at the college level. The college field is the home field for the host school: (a) The uprights are permanently set at 18 feet, 6 inches; or (b) the uprights are adjustable to 23 feet, 4 inches. RULING: In (a), it is permissible for the game to be played using the 18 feet, 6 inches goals. In (b), the adjustable goals shall be set at 23 feet, 4 inches.

  SECTION 3 GAME EQUIPMENT  

The NFHS does not perform scientific tests on any specific items of equipment to determine if the equipment poses undue risks to student-athletes, coaches, officials or spectators. Such determinations are the responsibility of equipment manufacturers. For additional information on Equipment Guidelines, see Appendix C.

ART. 1 . . . The ball shall meet the following specifications:

  1. A tan-colored cover consisting of either pebbled-grain, cowhide or approved composition (leather or rubber) case without corrugations other than those formed by the natural seam grooves and the lace on one of the grooves.
  2. One set of either eight or 12 evenly spaced laces. The length of the lace shall be confined to within 3¾ inches from each end of the ball.
  3. A continuous 1-inch white or yellow stripe centered 3 to 3¼ inches from each end of the ball free from decorations or logos added during or after production. Stripes shall be located only on the two panels adjacent to and perpendicular to the seam upon which the laces are stitched.
  4. Conforms to the shape and dimensions as shown in Figure 1-3-1.
  5. Weighs between 14 and 15 ounces.
  6. Inflated to a pressure of 12½ to 13½ psi (pounds per square inch) or 878.8 to 949.1 grams per square centimeter.
  7. The ball for 9th grade and above, shall include the NFHS Authenticating Mark. The mark can be displayed in either format:A current list of NFHS authenticated products can be found on the website, www.nfhs.org.
  8. Contain only the following permissible items:
    1. Ball manufacturer’s name and/or logo;
    2. School name, logo and/or mascot;
    3. Conference name and/or logo;
    4. State association name and/or logos; and 5. NFHS name and/or logos.
  9. Method of measuring the ball:
    1. All measurements shall be made after the ball is inflated to 13 psi.
    2. The long circumference should be measured 90 degrees from lace around the ends of the ball, over the groove but not in the groove.
    3. The long axis should be measured from end to end but not in the nose indentation.
    4. The short circumference should be measured around the ball, over the valve, over the lace, but not over a cross lace.

ART. 2 . . . Each team shall provide at least one legal ball to the referee at the time the game officials assume authority for the game. Only legal balls approved by the referee may be used during the game. Each team may use any referee-approved ball of its choice to free kick or start a new series of downs. If a touchdown occurs following a change of possession and the scoring team did not put the ball in play, any referee-approved ball may be used for the try.
NOTE: By state association adoption, a specific ball which meets specifications may be mandated for postseason or state playoff competition.

 CHOICE OF  BALL 

1.3.2 SITUATION A: Prior to the start of the game, A has provided two balls for the referee’s examination, but B has not provided a ball. RULING: There is no penalty if a team does not provide a ball; however, in this case, B will have to use the ball(s) provided by A until such time B offers a legal ball for the referee’s approval.

1.3.2 SITUATION B: The referee has examined and verified the legality of a number of balls provided by each team prior to the game. However, during the course of the game, the weather conditions change dramatically and the teams wish to have additional balls approved for use. RULING: This is permissible and is within the intent of the rule.

ART. 3 . . . The referee shall decide whether the ball meets specifications, and the referee or any other game official may order the ball changed between downs.

 CHOICE OF  BALL 

1.3.3 SITUATION A: Team A: (a) requests a rubber ball on second down after using a leather ball on first down; or (b) on a dry day, requests a different leather ball on fourth down; or (c) after a score and before the try, requests a different leather ball than used during the touchdown play; or (d) recovers on the kickoff and requests a new ball. RULING: The Team A request is denied in (a), (b) and (c), unless the change in balls is ordered by the referee or other game official for reasons other than the Team A request. The Team A request is approved in (d). (1-3-2, 5-1-1a)

1.3.3 SITUATION B: During play in the fourth period, the quarterback of A (Visitor) informs the referee that their ball is losing air pressure and is no longer usable. A does not have another legal ball. The home-team coach complains when the referee secures the Team B ball from the ball person for use by Team A. RULING: The visiting team may use the home-team ball if it wishes. (1-3-2)

ART. 4 . . . A kicking tee shall be made of pliable material which elevates the lowest point of the ball no more than 2 inches above the ground.

ART. 5 . . . Either a yardage chain which joins two rods exactly 10 yards apart or any other 10-yard indicator with a visible line-to-gain indicator shall be used as the official line-to-gain equipment. This equipment and a down indicator shall be provided by game management.

  1. The line-to-gain indicator shall be used to fix the line to gain, and the down indicator shall be used to mark the spot of the ball and indicate the number of the down in a series. The game officials shall check the line-to-gain indicator for accuracy prior to the start of the game.
  2. The official line-to-gain and down indicators shall be operated approximately 2 yards outside the sideline opposite the press box, except in stadiums where the total playing enclosure does not permit. If there is no press box, the location will be specified by game management at the request of the head linesman. The line-to-gain indicator shall be removed from the side- line when the line to gain is the goal line.
  3. Unofficial auxiliary line-to-gain and down indicators may be used on the sideline opposite the official line-to-gain and down indicators, and shall be operated approximately 2 yards outside the sideline, except in stadiums where the total playing enclosure does not permit.
  4. All line-to-gain and down-indicator rods shall have flat lower ends covered by protective caps.
    NOTE: It is recommended that the members of the crew wear distinctive vests or jackets furnished by home or game management.
 LINE TO GAIN CREW 

1.3.5 SITUATION: The “chain crew” who has been “doing this for 25 years,” wants to have the line-to-gain equipment on the sideline even though there is plenty of room to have the equipment 2 yards off the sideline on the restraining line. RULING: All “chain crews” must comply with Rule 1-3-5b. If the “chain crew” is insistent, the game officials should contact game administration to address the situation. 

ART. 6 . . . A timing device referred to as the “game clock” shall be provided by the game management. The operator(s) shall be approved by the referee.

ART. 7 . . . Other than replay or television monitoring equipment, game officials may use supplementary equipment to aid in game administration as authorized by the state association.
NOTE: A state association may create instant-replay procedures that permit game or replay officials to use a replay monitor during state postseason games to determine if a decision by the on-field game officials is incorrect. 

 SUPPLEMENTARY EQUIPMENT 

1.3.7 SITUATION: The game officials are advised by the home-team management that supplementary equipment such as: (a) a ball-spotting device; (b) a ball-tracking device; (c) a visible play clock; or (d) instant-replay equipment (postseason games), will be used during the game. RULING: None of the supplementary devices as described may be used unless the state association has given specific authorization. COMMENT: If responsibility for such supplementary equipment (such as the visible play clock) is given to a non official, the operator must be capable and approved.

  SECTION 4 PLAYER DESIGNATIONS  

ART. 1 . . . Each team shall designate a player as field captain, and he is the only player who may communicate with game officials.

 CAPTAIN’S DECISION/DESIGNATED REPRESENTATIVE 

1.4.1 SITUATION: Team A’s captain requests a time-out prior to: (a) the designated representative making a penalty decision; or (b) deciding whether A will snap or free kick following a fair catch; or (c) designating where the ball is to be spotted on the 3-yard line for a try. RULING: Not allowed in (a), but permissible in (b) and (c). COMMENT: In the case of considering an awarded fair catch, the designated representative would have to make his decision on the penalty prior to requesting a time-out. After accepting the penalty via an awarded catch, a time- out can be taken to consider whether to snap or free kick. (2-32-5, 6-5-4, 10-1-1)

ART. 2 . . . For convenience, a player is designated by his position on offense during the snap. Figure 1-4-2 shows one of the offensive formations and the recommended numbering of players according to position.

ART. 3 . . . Each player shall be numbered 0 through 99 inclusive. Any number preceded by the digit zero is illegal. See 7-2-5.

 PLAYER NUMBERS 

1.4.3 SITUATION: After the ball has been marked ready for play, but prior to the snap, it is discovered: (a) A1 and A2 are both wearing number 81, or (b) B2 is wearing 00. RULING: In (a), it will become a foul at the snap for illegal numbering. In (b), it is a foul before the snap for illegal numbering and B2 will not be per mitted to participate with that number, because 00 is not a legal number. If the illegal numbering is discovered during the down, it is a foul which occurred at the snap. [1-5-1c(1), 7-2-5d]

ART. 4 . . . Each head coach shall designate a representative who will make decisions regarding penalty acceptance or declination. His first choice of any offered decision is final. Decisions involving penalties shall be made before any charged time-out is granted either team. The head coach’s designee shall remain in place for the entire game except in case of emergency.

 


 

 

  SECTION 5 PLAYER EQUIPMENT  

The NFHS does not perform scientific tests on any specific items of equipment to determine if the equipment poses undue risks to student-athletes, coaches, officials or spectators. Such determinations are the responsibility of equipment manufacturers. For additional information on Equipment Guidelines, see Appendix c.

NOTE: As mentioned in Section 5, under Player Equipment, NOCSAE refers to the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment and SFIA refers to the Sports and Fitness Industry Association.

ART. 1 . . . Mandatory equipment. Each player shall participate while wearing the following pieces of properly fitted equipment, which shall be professionally manufactured and not altered to decrease protection:

  1. Helmet and Face Mask:
    1. A helmet and face mask which met the NOCSAE standard at the time of manufacture. The face mask shall have a surface covered with resilient material designed to prevent chipping, burrs or abrasiveness and be properly secured to the helmet as designed by the manufacturer.
    2. The helmet shall be secured by a properly fastened chin strap with at least four attachment points.
      NOTE: All players shall wear helmets that carry a warning label regarding the risk of injury and a manufacturer’s or reconditioner’s certification indicating satisfaction of NOCSAE standards. All such reconditioned helmets shall show recertification to indicate satisfaction with the NOCSAE standard. The coach’s pregame verification to the referee and another game official that all players are legally equipped and in compliance with the rules includes the exterior warning label.
  2. Jersey:
    1. A jersey, unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/production, and which shall be long enough to reach the top of the pants and shall be tucked in if longer. It must completely cover the shoulder pads and all pads worn above the waist on the torso.
    2. Players of the visiting team shall wear jerseys, unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/production, that meet the following criteria: The body of the jersey (inside the shoulders, inclusive of the yoke of the jersey or the shoulders, below the collar, and to the bottom of the jersey) shall be white and shall contain only the listed allowable adornments and accessory patterns in a color(s) that contrasts to white:
      1. as the jersey number(s) required in 1-5-1c or as the school’s nickname, school logo, school name and/or player name within the body and/or on the shoulders,
      2. either as a decorative stripe placed during production that follows the curve of the raglan sleeve or following the shoulder seam in traditional yoke construction, not to exceed 1 inch at any point within the body of the jersey; or as decorative stripe(s) added in the shoulder area after production, not to exceed 1 inch per stripe and total size of combined stripes not to exceed 3.5 inches,
      3. within the collar, a maximum of 1 inch in width, and/or
      4. as a side seam (insert connecting the back of the jersey to the front), a maximum of 4 inches in width but any non-white color may not appear within the body of the jersey (inside the shoulders, inclusive of the yoke of the jersey or the shoulders, below the collar, and to the bottom of the jersey). The exception to (d) would be what is stated in (b) above. (e) The visiting team is responsible for avoidance of similarity of colors, but if there is doubt, the referee may require players of the home team to change jerseys.
        NOTE: One American flag, not to exceed 2 inches by 3 inches, may be worn or occupy space on each item of uniform apparel. By state association adoption, to allow for special occasions, commemorative or memorial patches, not to exceed 4 square inches, may be worn on the uniform without compromising its integrity.
    3. Players of the home team shall wear jerseys, unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/production, that meet the following criteria: The body of the jersey (inside the shoulders, inclusive of the yoke of the jersey or the shoulders, below the collar, and to the bottom of the jersey) may not include white, except as stated below. The jerseys of the home team shall be a dark color that clearly contrasts to white. If white appears in the body of the jersey of the home team, it may only appear:
      1. as the jersey number(s) required in 1-5-1c or as the school’s nickname, school logo, school name and/or player name within the body and/or on the shoulders,
      2. either as a decorative stripe placed during production that follows the curve of the raglan sleeve or following the shoulder seam in traditional yoke construction, not to exceed 1 inch at any point within the body of the jersey; or as decorative stripe(s) added in the shoulder area after production, not to exceed 1 inch per stripe and total size of combined stripes not to exceed 3.5 inches,
      3. within the collar, a maximum of 1 inch in width, and/or
      4. as a side seam (insert connecting the back of the jersey to the front), a maximum of 4 inches in width but any white color may not appear within the body of the jersey (inside the shoulders, inclusive of the yoke of the jersey or the shoulders, below the collar, and to the bottom of the jersey). The exception to (d) would be what is stated in (b) above.
      5. The visiting team is responsible for avoidance of similarity of colors, but if there is doubt, the referee may require players of the home team to change jerseys.
        NOTE: One American flag, not to exceed 2 inches by 3 inches, may be worn or occupy space on each item of uniform apparel. By state association adoption, to allow for special occasions, commemorative or memorial patches, not to exceed 4 square inches, may be worn on the uniform without compromising its integrity.
  3. Numbers
    1. The numbers shall be clearly visible and legible using Arabic numbers 0-99 inclusive and shall be on the front and back of the jersey.
    2. The numbers, inclusive of any border(s), shall be centered horizontally at least 8 inches and 10 inches high on front and back, respectively.
    3. The entire body of the number (the continuous horizontal bars and vertical strokes) exclusive of any border(s) shall be approximately 1½-inches wide.
    4. The color and style of the number shall be the same on the front and back.
    5. Through the 2023 season, the body of the number (the continuous horizontal bars and vertical strokes) shall be either: (a) a continuous color(s) contrasting with the jersey color; or (b) the same solid color(s) as the jersey with a minimum of one border that is at least ¼-inch in width of a single solid contrasting color.
    6. Effective with the 2024 season, the entire body of the number (the continuous horizontal bars and vertical strokes) shall be a single solid color that clearly contrasts with the body color of the jersey.
  4. Pads and Protective Equipment – The following pads and protective equipment are required of all players:
    1. Hip pads and tailbone protector which are unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/production.
    2. Knee pads which are unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/ production, which are worn over the knee and under the pants and shall be at least ½ inch thick or inch thick if made of shock absorbing material.
    3. Shoulder pads and hard surface auxiliary attachments, which shall be fully covered by a jersey.
    4. Thigh guards which are unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/production.
      1. A tooth and mouth protector (intraoral) which shall:
        1. include an occlusal (protecting and separating the biting surfaces) portion;
        2. include a labial (protecting the teeth and supporting structures) portion; and
        3. cover the posterior teeth with adequate thickness.
      2. It is recommended that the protector be properly fitted, protecting the anterior (leading) dental arch and:
        1. constructed from a model made from an impression of the individual’s teeth; or
        2. constructed and fitted to the individual by impressing the teeth into the tooth and mouth protector itself.
  5. Pants which completely cover the knees, thigh guards and knee pads and any portion of any knee brace that does not extend below the pants.
  6. Shoes which shall be made of a material which covers the foot (canvas, leather or synthetic) and attached to a firm sole of leather, rubber or composition material. Shoes may have cleats or may be cleatless. Among the items which do not meet these requirements are gymnastic slippers, tennis shoes cut so protection is reduced, ski and logger boots and other apparel not intended for football use:
    1. Removable cleats shall conform to the following specifications:
      1. Constructed of a material which does not chip or develop a cutting edge.
      2. Legal cleat material includes leather, nylon, rubber and non metallic polymers that will not chip or develop a cutting edge while functioning as a cleat. Cleats may be tipped with a steel material hardened to a Rockwell hardness approximately C55 to a depth of .005-.008 while minimizing the risk of brittle failure of the tip component, in its entirety, including any shafts or threads that may be a part of the tip.
      3. The base and the tip of the cleat shall be parallel.
      4. The free end of the cleat may be rounded in an arc with a radius of not less than /16 inch provided the overall length is not more than ½ inch measured from the tip of the cleat to the sole of the shoe.
      5. The cleat may be attached to a raised platform which is molded to the shoe. The platform may be no more than /32 inch in height and must be wider than the base of the cleat. The widest part of the cleat must be in direct contact with the platform. The /32-inch raised platform must be wider than the base of the cleat and must extend across the width of the sole to within ¼ inch or less of the outer edges of the sole.
      6. A single toe cleat does not require a raised platform that extends across the width of the sole. The raised platform of the toe cleat is limited to /32 inch or less. 5
      7. The /32-inch platform is measured from the lowest point of the 5 platform to the sole of the shoe.
      8. An effective locking device which prevents the exposure of metal posts shall be incorporated.
      9. The cleat wall shall be at least inch in diameter.
      10. The sides of the cleat shall taper uniformly from a minimum base of ¾ inch in diameter to a minimum tip of /8 inch in diameter. 3 2. Nonremovable cleats are limited to studs or projections that do not exceed ½ inch in length measured from the sole of the shoe to the tip of the cleat and which are made with nonabrasive rubber or rubber-type synthetic material that does not have or develop a cutting edge.
 LEGAL EQUIPMENT 

1.5.1 SITUATION A: When the game officials arrive on the field they notice that both teams are wearing non-white jerseys. The visiting team’s coach indicates that he was not informed prior to the game as to the color of the home-team’s jerseys. RULING: It is the responsibility of the visiting team to wear its white jerseys when playing away from home. Whether the home team did or did not notify the visiting team of its school colors, the rules specify that the visiting team is to wear its white jerseys. The referee may require the home team to change to its white jerseys. This incident should be reported to the proper administrative authorities at the visiting-team’s school and the state association office.

1.5.1 SITUATION B: During the pregame visits with both teams, the referee and another game official note that the players are wearing brand new “throw back” jerseys with undersized and off-set numbers on the front of the jerseys. RULING: The referee may require both teams to change to legal jerseys, and should report the incident to the proper administrative authorities of each school and the state association office. (1-5-1c)

1.5.1 SITUATION C: During the down, A4 is noticed to (a) have a clear tooth and mouth protector; or (b) have a tooth and mouth protector that is only covering the upper, front teeth. RULING: In (a), there is no foul. In (b), an official’s time-out is declared and the player must be replaced for at least one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. COMMENT: Any time the play clock is interrupted for improperly worn or missing equipment by a player, and this was not due to game action, the player is to be removed from the game for at least one play. All tooth and mouth protectors shall cover the posterior teeth but have no color requirement. The game officials should, through normal observations, attempt to verify that each player is legally equipped prior to the ball becoming live. [1-5-1d(5), 1-5-5, 1-5-6, 3-5-10e]

1.5.1 SITUATION D: During the pregame warm-ups, a game official notices some of the players of Team A wearing (a) sweatbands on their biceps, (b) sweat- bands on their calves, or (c) pants which clearly do not cover the knees. RULING: In (a) and (b), the uniform adornments must be removed prior to the individual becoming a player. In (c), the player may not participate without the pants covering the knees. [1-5-1e, 1-5-3a(5)]

1.5.1 SITUATION E: The umpire notices that a player does not have protrusions indicating that hip pads and tailbone protector are being worn. Upon investigating, it is found that (a) the player is not wearing any padding or (b) the player is wearing a manufactured girdle with closed cell, “bubble type” protective padding that conforms and covers the hips and tailbone. RULING: In (a), hip pads and tailbone protector are required equipment. An official’s time-out is declared and the player must be replaced for at least one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. COMMENT: Any time the play clock is interrupted for improperly worn or missing equipment by a player, the player is to be removed from the game for at least one play. In (b), there is no padding criteria listed for hip pads and tailbone protector and, therefore, the pads are legal. [1-5- 1d(1), 1-5-5, 1-5-6, 3-5-10e]

ART. 2 . . . The following auxiliary equipment may be worn if sanctioned by the umpire as being soft, nonabrasive, nonhardening material:

  1. Forearm pads, which may be anchored on each end with athletic tape.
  2. Gloves, which may be anchored with athletic tape, and even though modified, must meet the NOCSAE standard or the SFIA specification at the time of manufacture, unless made of unaltered plain cloth. Gloves, unless made of unaltered plain cloth, must have a permanent, exact replica of the NOCSAE glove seal (Meets NOCSAE Standard) or SFIA glove seal (Meets SFIA Specification), that must be visible and appear legibly on the exterior wrist opening of the glove.
    NOTES:
    1. A glove is a covering for the hand having separate sections for each finger. Pads worn on the hand, but not having separate sections encircling at least part of any finger are not gloves. The thumb is not considered a finger.
    2. Non-athletic gloves, worn solely for warmth and made of unaltered plain cloth, and which do not enhance contact with the ball, do not require a label or stamp indicating compliance.
  3. Tape, bandage or support wrap on the hand or forearm to protect an existing injury.
    EXCEPTION: Tape, bandage or support wrap(s) not to exceed three thicknesses are legal without inspection or approval.
 LEGAL AND ILLEGAL EQUIPMENT 

1.5.2 SITUATION A: During the pregame warm-up period, the home team’s coach informs the umpire that all players’ football gloves are new but none of the gloves have the required NOCSAE or SFIA label/stamp indicating compliance with the NOCSAE standard or the SFIA Specification. RULING: The gloves may not be worn; all gloves must have the required NOCSAE or SFIA label/stamp.

1.5.2 SITUATION B: During the game, the umpire notices that a few of A’s linemen have hand pads which do not have separate sections for each finger and do not have label/stamp indicating compliance with test specifications. RULING: These hand pads are legal. A NOCSAE or SFIA label/stamp is not required.

ART. 3 . . . Illegal equipment. No player shall participate while wearing illegal equipment. This applies to any equipment, which in the opinion of the umpire is dangerous, confusing or inappropriate. Illegal equipment shall always include but is not limited to:

  1. The following items related to the Game Uniform:
    1. Jerseys and pants that have:
      1. A visible manufacturer’s logo/trademark or reference exceeding 2¼ square inches and exceeding 2¼ inches in any dimension.
      2. More than one manufacturer’s logo/trademark or reference on the outside of either item. (The same size restriction shall apply to either the manufacturer’s logo/trademark or reference).
      3. Sizing, garment care or other nonlogo labels on the outside of either item.
    2. Slippery or sticky substance of a foreign nature on equipment, towel, uniform, opponent or on an exposed part of the body which affects the ball or an opponent.
    3. Tear-away jerseys or jerseys that have been altered in any manner that produces a knot-like protrusion or creates a tear-away jersey.
    4. Any transverse stripe on the sleeve below the elbow.
    5. Uniform adornments, with the exception of:
      1. One moisture-absorbing solid-colored towel that:
        1. is not ball- or penalty flag-colored;
        2. is no less than 4 inches in width and 12 inches in length;
        3. is no greater than 18 inches in width and 36 inches in length;
        4. has no more than one visible manufacturer’s logo/trademark reference that does not exceed 2¼ square inches and does not exceed 2¼ inches in any dimension; and
        5. has no more than one school logo/trademark reference that does not exceed 2¼ square inches and does not exceed 2¼ inches in any dimension.
      2. Moisture-absorbing sweatbands, when worn on the wrist beginning at the base of the thumb and extending no more than 3 inches toward the elbow.
  2. The following items related to Pads and Padding:
    1. Hard and unyielding items (guards, casts, braces, etc.) on the hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, or upper arm unless padded with a closed-cell, slow-recovery foam padding no less than ½” thick.
    2. Knee and ankle braces which are altered from the manufacturer’s original design/production.
      NOTE: Knee and ankle braces that are unaltered do not require any additional padding.
    3. Knee braces worn over the pants.
    4. Plastic material covering protective pads whose edges are not rounded with a radius equal to half the thickness of the plastic.
    5. Rib pads and back protectors unless fully covered by a jersey.
    6. Shin guards that do not meet the NOCSAE standard at the time of manufacture.
  3. The following Other Illegal Equipment:
    1. Ball-colored helmets, jerseys, patches, exterior arm covers/pads, undershirts or gloves.
    2. Electronic communication devices used to communicate with a player except during an outside 9-yard mark conference (7-yard marks in nine-, eight- and six-player competition), including electronic signage to signal plays or information from the sideline.
    3. Eye shade (grease or no-glare strips or stickers) that is not a solid stroke or includes words, numbers, logos or other symbols within the eye shade.
    4. Eyeshield attached to the helmet that is not:
      1. Constructed of a molded rigid material; or
      2. Clear without the presence of any tint.
        NOTE: Tinted eyewear worn on the face and under the face mask is legal.
    5. Jerseys, undershirts or exterior arm covers/pads manufactured to enhance contact with the football or opponent.
    6. Jewelry. Religious and medical alert medals are not considered jewelry. A religious medal must be taped and worn under the uniform. A medical-alert medal must be taped and may be visible.
    7. Metal which is projecting or other hard substance on clothes or person.
    8. Play cards not worn on the wrist or arm.
    9. Equipment not worn as intended by the manufacturer.
 LEGAL AND ILLEGAL EQUIPMENT 

1.5.3 COMMENT: There are many items that would be considered to be illegal uniform adornments. Examples include but are not limited to: 1) Play cards designed for the wrist, but strapped to the belt as in 1-5-3c(8); 2) Eye shade as detailed in 1-5-3c(3) or that extends outside the eye socket or below the cheek bone; 3) Bandanas and other items if exposed from under the football helmet; and 4) Sweat bands not placed properly. Examples of items that have been determined to be legal are 1) Spats that properly cover the shoes as intended by the manufacturer; 2) Skull caps manufactured to be worn on the head that do not alter the fit of the football helmet and are not exposed outside of the football helmet; 3) Tinted eyewear worn on the face and under the face mask; 4) Hand warmers that do not enhance grip or create an advantage for a player.

1.5.3 SITUATION A: During the pregame visits with both teams, the referee notices that Team B’s jerseys have a series of symbols representing a company or the jersey has both a logo and a company reference, but it is not the company’s logo/reference or trademark. The referee indicates that the jersey is illegal and that the symbols must be removed. RULING: The referee is correct. Jersey and pants may not have anything representing the manufacturer except for one logo/ reference or trademark, and that mark must meet the size restrictions. [1-5-3a(1)]

1.5.3 SITUATION B: A1 is wearing: (a) a biceps pad; or (b) a partially exposed hip pad; or (c) an ankle support. In all three cases a hard plastic surface on the outside of the pad/support is not covered, but all the edges are rounded and there are no cutting or abrasive surfaces. RULING: The items described in (a), (b) and (c) are legal. The exposed plastic does not require a covering on these specific items of equipment. However, if any of the plastic surface is cracked or has a cutting edge it would not be legal. If the biceps pad is connected to the shoulder pad, it must be fully covered by the jersey.

1.5.3 SITUATION C: Prior to the game, the coach of B requests the umpire to examine a cast/splint on the forearm of a player. The protective item has “hard” material, but is padded with at least ½-inch thick, closed-cell, slow-recovery foam padding. The coach: (a) provides; or (b) does not provide to the umpire prior to the start of the game, a written authorization from a licensed medical physician directing the use of the cast/splint as necessary to protect an injury. RULING: In (a) and (b), the cast/splint may be worn during the game. Written authorization is no longer required but the umpire must ensure the cast/split is properly padded. [1-5-3b(1)]

1.5.3 SITUATION D: During the pregame visit with the head coach of A, the referee or another game official notices that some squad members have eyeshields which are: (a) dark, or (b) clear with no tint. The head coach of A has a letter from a physician indicating that the dark shield is a necessity for the player. RULING: In (a), the game officials indicate to the head coach only eyeshields which are clear without the presence of any tint may be worn as a physician’s statement cannot supersede this rule without expressed written consent of the state association. In (b), the eyeshield is legal if, in addition to being clear, it is also molded and rigid, and securely attached to the helmet. [1-5-3c(4)]

1.5.3 SITUATION E: A1, wearing jersey 68 and lined up as an ineligible, and A2, wearing jersey 98 and lined up as an end, desire to switch positions without switching jerseys and attempt to enter the huddle: (a) wearing Velcro replacement numbers; or (b) wearing a pullover dickie/shimmel/practice shirt with the correct number that would permit a position switch. RULING: Illegal in (a), as the jersey must be worn as intended by the manufacturer. Illegal in (b), because unless the new garment meets all of the specifications of the jersey requirements, including the number, it is illegal. (1-5-1) 

ART. 4 . . . Prior to the start of the game, the head coach shall be responsible for verifying to the referee and another game official that all of his players are legally equipped in compliance with these rules and will use no illegal equipment. Any questions regarding legality of a player’s equipment or the presence of required equipment shall be resolved by the umpire.

ART. 5 . . . When any required player equipment is missing or worn improperly, an official’s time-out shall be declared. If the missing or improperly worn equipment is detected during the down or subsequent dead-ball action related to the down without being directly attributable to a foul by an opponent or if a player is wearing otherwise legal equipment in an illegal manner, the player shall be replaced for at least one down, unless halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. If proper and legal equipment has become improperly worn through use but prompt repair is possible and does not delay the ready-for-play for more than 25 seconds, such repair may be made without replacing the player for at least one down. (3-5-2b, 3-5-5b, 3-5-7e, 3-5-10d, 3-5-10e)

ART. 6 . . . Each player shall properly wear the mandatory equipment while the ball is live. 

  SECTION 6 COACHES FIELD EQUIPMENT  

ART. 1 . . . Electronic communication devices including but not limited to audio recorder, Local Area Network (LAN) phones and/or headsets, mobile phones, still photograph(s), film, analog or digital video(s) and/or Internet depictions, shall not be used to communicate with a player except during an outside 9-yard mark conference (7-yard marks in nine-, eight- and six-player competition).
NOTE: Each state association may authorize the use of a drum by a team composed of deaf or partially deaf players, in order to establish a rhythmic cadence following the ready-for-play.

 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY 

1.6.1 SITUATION A: During the game, the coach of B is observed talking into (a) a tape recorder; (b) tablet computer; or (c) a mobile phone. RULING: In (a), (b) and (c), legal for use during or after the game, provided these (or any other electronic communication devices) are not used to communicate with a player during a between 9-yard marks conference. This precludes the use of any type of direct in-helmet communication with any player, and does not allow for the use of any electronic communication devices during a between 9-yard marks conference, allowing for their use only during outside 9-yard mark conferences. (1-6-2)

1.6.1 SITUATION B: During the game, the coach of Team B reports to the referee that (a) his wireless access has been interrupted and that he cannot use the software package he normally uses to record in-game details, or (b) Team B’s headphones are not working. RULING: In (a) and (b), whether or not the head- phones are working on either side does not come under the authority of the game officials, unless directed by the state association. (1-6-2)

1.6.1 SITUATION C: The coach of Team A calls time-out and chooses a between 9-yard marks conference. As the coach heads out to the field, the wing official notices that he is carrying a tablet computer or other electronic communication device that he has been using during the game. RULING: The game official covering that huddle should observe to ensure that the electronic communication device is not used to communicate with any player during the conference. (1-6-2)

1.6.1 SITUATION D: The quarterback of A: (a) after leaving the game and while in the team box, uses a headset to talk to a coach in the scouting booth; or (b) during a charged time-out, comes near the sideline to confer with two coaches who are wearing headphones; or (c) during a charged time-out, is handed the headset during a between 9-yard marks conference. RULING: Legal in (a) and (b) during an authorized conference. Illegal in (c). (1-6-2, 9-8-1e)

1.6.1 SITUATION E: Between plays during the first period, the game officials notice that one of the teams is using electronic signage to signal plays from the sideline or to signal information to the players during a between 9-yard marks conference. RULING: Use of electronic signage is not permitted. The game officials should stop play and direct the coach to immediately disable/disconnect the device. If such use persists, a foul should be called. (9-8-1e)

1.6.1 SITUATION F: During the intermission between the third and fourth periods, A players come to the area in front of their team box to confer with their coaches. During the conference, the head coach talks via his headset to another coach in the press box and thereafter he: (a) discusses this conversation with his team; or (b) hands A1 his headset so that A1 may speak directly with the coach in the press box. RULING: Legal procedure in (a) and (b) as this is an authorized, sideline conference. The action in (b) would have been illegal during a between 9-yard marks conference. (2-6, 9-8-1e)

1.6.1 SITUATION G: During the first period, an assistant coach of B takes: (a) individual photographs of each set or formation of A and makes these available to the head coach during the halftime intermission; or (b) digital or other instant developing sequence photographs of A and gives these to the coach during the game. RULING: Legal in (a) and (b) provided they are not shown to the players during a between 9-yard marks conference. (1-6-1, 1-6-2, 9-8-1e)

1.6.1 SITUATION H: Team A has a computer at the game site and enters a record of offensive plays, defensive formations and other important data. This computer information is used: (a) after the game for evaluation of game performances; or (b) during the intermission between the first and second periods, the coach receives a computer printout of B’s defensive alignments against various offensive formations; or (c) during the halftime intermission in the locker room, the coach views a computer screen displaying a summary of A’s offensive play effectiveness. RULING: Legal in (a), (b) and (c) provided they are not shown to the players during a between 9-yard marks conference. (1-6-1, 1-6-2, 9-8-1e)

ART. 2 . . . Electronic communication devices including but not limited to audio recorder, Local Area Network (LAN) phones and/or headsets, mobile phones, still photograph(s), film, analog or digital video(s) and/or Internet depictions may be used by coaches and nonplayers.

  SECTION 7 STATE ASSOCIATION ADOPTIONS  

TABLE 1-7
TABLE OF STATE ASSOCIATION ADOPTIONS

1. Determine the number of game officials to be used in the game. (1-1-4 NOTE) 9. Establish a procedure to resolve games tied following the fourth period. (3-1-1 NOTE)
2. Determine the time for game officials to assume authority if greater than 30 minutes (1-1-7) 10. Establish a point differential to terminate games or to use a running game clock when the point differential is reached. (3-1-2)
3. Approve an extension of the team box if the same for both teams. (1-2-3g NOTE 3) 11. Establish rules regarding continuation of interrupted games. (3-1-4)
4. Mandate the use of a specific ball for postseason or playoff competition. (1-3-2 NOTE) 12. Determine the length of halftime intermission. (3-1-6)
5. Authorize the use of supplementary equipment to aid in game administration. (3-1-7) 13. Determine when the coin toss is to be held. (3-2-1)
6. Authorize the use of instant replay during state postseason games. (1-3-7 NOTE) 14. Authorize the use of TV/radio time-out (3-5-7k)
7. Authorize the wearing of a commemorative/ memorial patch. (1-5-1b, 2-3 NOTE) 15. Designate the 11-player field dimensions as official for nine-, eight- or six-player competition. (Football Field Diagrams)
8. Authorize the use of a drum for rhythmic cadence for deaf or partially deaf teams. (1-6-1 NOTE) 16. Determine the dimensions of the field for nine-, eight- and six-player competition. (Football Field Diagrams)
 STATE ASSOCIATION ADOPTIONS 

1.7 SITUATION: A state association receives a request to allow a special uniform, patch or other insignia which is illegal by rule for a special purpose game (i.e., cancer awareness, military recognition, etc.). How should that be handled: RULING: Rule 1-7 (7) allows for states to make state association adoptions. In the end, the state association must make the final determination on the wearing of a commemorative/memorial patch. (1-5-1b, 2-3 NOTE)

  SECTION 8 STATE ASSOCIATION ACCOMMODATIONS  

Each state association may, in keeping with applicable laws, authorize exceptions to NFHS playing rules to provide reasonable accommodations to individual participants with disabilities and/or special needs, as well as those individuals with unique and extenuating circumstances. The accommodations should not fundamentally alter the sport, heighten risk to the athlete/others or place opponents at a disadvantage.

 STATE ASSOCIATION ACCOMMODATIONS 

1.8 SITUATION: During the pregame visit with the visiting team, the head coach asks the referee or other game official to examine an artificial: (a) arm; or (b) leg which is attached below the knee; or (c) leg which is attached above the knee. The coach has a letter or statement signed by the executive officer of the state association indicating approval of the artificial limb for football. RULING: The game officials have no decision to make as to whether it can be worn, unless required padding, etc., is missing. The artificial limbs in (a), (b) and (c) may be used since proper approval has been given as required by rule. Without the letter or statement of approval, the artificial limb could not be worn. COMMENT: State associations are permitted to provide reasonable accommodations to individual participants with disabilities under the conditions of Rule 1-8. While the determination on the legality of this equipment, as well as the individual’s ability to minimize risk, requires the judgment of medical authorities, it also requires the judgment of football administrators knowledgeable with the football rules and their purpose and philosophy. Each case must be handled on an individual basis, and each state association determines its own procedure for approval.