Case Rule 3

Rule 3 Periods, Time Factors, and Substitutions – With Case Plays

 

  SECTION 1 LENGTH OF PERIODS – HALFTIME INTERMISSION  

ART. 1 . . . The clock running time for a game shall be 48 minutes for high schools with periods and intermissions as indicated in Table 3-1.
NOTE: By state association adoption, if, at the end of the fourth period, the teams have identical scores, the tie may be resolved if a method has been approved by the state high school association. This may include extending playing time. The overtime is considered part of the fourth period. An example of an overtime procedure is located in a supplementary section following the rules.

 HALFTIME INTERMISSION 

3.1.1 SITUATION A: The home management notifies the game officials and the visiting-team coach 30 minutes prior to the scheduled kickoff that the halftime inter- mission will be extended for homecoming activities. RULING: The maximum length of the halftime intermission is 20 minutes. Any greater extension is not permitted either by mutual agreement or prior notification. COMMENT: By agreement of the opposing coaches, the halftime intermission may be reduced to a minimum of 10 minutes unless there has been a delay of at least 30 minutes due to weather in the last three minutes of the second period. (3-1-6, 3-1-6c, 3-1-6c EXCEPTION)

3.1.1 SITUATION B: Prior to the game, the participating schools have agreed to a 20-minute halftime intermission: (a) After 20 minutes have been placed on the game clock, planned band performances are canceled because of cold weather. Both teams arrive on the field with six minutes remaining on the game clock. Both coaches tell the game officials they have agreed to shorten the halftime intermission and want the game to start as soon as they have both had three minutes to warm up; or (b) As the teams leave the field, the timer places 20 minutes on the game clock and upon reaching 0:00, places three additional minutes on the game clock. RULING: In (a), mutual agreement of coaches to shorten the halftime intermission is permitted. They may not, however, shorten it to less than 10 minutes unless there has been a delay of at least 30 minutes due to weather in the last three minutes of the second period. Regardless of what it is shortened to, the three-minute warm-up time always must be added to whatever is agreed to for the halftime intermission. In (b), the time has been posted properly. (3-1-6, 3-1-6c, 3-1-6c EXCEPTION, 3-1-7)

3.1.1 SITUATION C: Upon returning to the field near the end of the normal 15-minute halftime intermission, the game officials notice one team standing quietly in front of its bench during the entire three minutes posted for warm-up. The game officials: (a) start the game as soon as the three minutes have elapsed, or (b) inform the coach of that team that the team must actively warm up by running or doing some kind of exercises. RULING: The game officials are correct in (a), but in error in (b). The rules book contains no definition of what constitutes a warm- up. It simply requires that an opportunity to warm up be made available. (3-1-7)

3.1.1 SITUATION D: Both teams are informed of a 15-minute halftime intermission. The game officials remind the teams that the halftime intermission period is nearing an end, and that the three-minute warm-up period will begin immediately. Team A returns to the field prior to the end of the halftime intermission, however Team B is not on the field when the halftime intermission ends and the timer immediately and appropriately starts the three-minute warm-up period. Team B does not arrive on the field until the three-minute warm-up period has expired. RULING: The head coach of Team B is charged with unsportsmanlike conduct and B is penalized 15 yards to start the second half. Though Team B has violated the rule by not being on the field at the end of the halftime intermission, and by not being on the field at the end of the three-minute warm-up period, only one unsportsmanlike conduct foul is penalized. (3-1-7, 9-8-1g) 

ART. 2 . . . By state association adoption, a point differential may be established whereby if one team has gained the established point differential, the game shall be terminated. A state association may also establish guidelines to use a running game clock when the point differential is reached.

ART. 3 . . . A period or periods may be shortened in any emergency by agreement of the opposing coaches and the referee. By mutual agreement of the opposing coaches and the referee, any remaining period may be shortened at any time or the game terminated.

ART. 4 . . . Games interrupted because of events beyond the control of the responsible administrative authority shall be continued from the point of interruption, unless the teams agree to terminate the game with the existing score, or as otherwise provided for by state association adoption.

ART. 5 . . . When weather conditions are construed to be hazardous to life or limb of the participants, the crew of game officials is authorized to delay or suspend the game.

 DELAYING OR SUSPENDING PLAY 

3.1.5 SITUATION A: During the second period, a cloudburst brings a torrent of rain onto a grass field. The game officials suspend play and after a 20-minute delay deter- mine the field is no longer playable. RULING: While the game officials are authorized to delay or suspend a game when weather conditions are construed to be hazardous to life or limb, such as lightning, tornado alert, etc., a heavy shower which only affects the playing conditions, may or may not be judged by the game officials to be hazardous to life or limb. While the game officials are the final authority on suspending play, it is a good practice for the game officials to discuss the alternatives with game management and representatives of both teams before suspending the game. 

 REFEREE’S DECISION 

3.1.5 SITUATION B: During the third period, a thunderstorm moves into the area. The crew of game officials huddle to assess the situation. There is disagreement among the crew as to whether the game should be suspended. RULING: The referee will make the final decision. If possible, he should involve game administration from each school before making the final decision unless there is no time for discussion. Risk minimization must always be the primary consideration. COMMENT: Game officials should study and observe the “NFHS Guidelines on Handling Contests During Lightning Disturbances” as printed in the back of the NFHS Foot- ball Rules Book, as well as applicable state association guidelines. (1-1-5)

ART. 6 . . . State high school associations may determine the length of halftime intermission, provided it is not less than 10 minutes and not more than 20 minutes.

  1. 15 minutes is normal for halftime intermission.
  2. Halftime intermission may be increased to a maximum of 20 minutes, provided opponents have been notified no later than five minutes prior to the game.
  3. By mutual agreement of the opposing coaches, the halftime intermission may be reduced to a minimum of 10 minutes (not including the mandatory warm-up period).
    EXCEPTION: If the game is interrupted due to weather during the last three minutes of the second period, and the delay is at least 30 minutes, the opposing coaches can mutually agree to shorten halftime intermission, provided there is at least a one-minute intermission (not including the three-minute warm-up period).

ART. 7 . . . The game officials are responsible for ensuring that there is a three-minute warm-up period posted on the game clock and the game clock immediately started for use by the coaches immediately after the halftime intermission expires. The head coach is responsible for his team being on the field for mandatory warm-up time at the end of the scheduled halftime intermission.

TABLE 3-1
TABLE OF GAME CLOCK TIMES

PERIODS OF TIMING CLOCK TIME
First Half:  
First period 12 minutes
Intermission between period 1 minute
Second period 12 minutes
Halftime Intermission:  
When teams leave the field 10-20 minutes
Mandatory Warm-up Period:  
Following halftime intermission 3 minutes
Second Half:  
Third Period 12 minutes
Intermission between periods 1 minute
Fourth period 12 minutes
Charged Time-outs 1 minute
 

  SECTION 2 STARTING A PERIOD – HALF  

ART. 1 . . . Each half of the game shall be started by a kickoff. Before the scheduled game starting time, the referee, in the presence of the field captains, shall instruct the visiting captain to give a “heads” or “tails” choice before the coin toss. If the coin toss, or simulated coin toss, is held on the playing field, it shall be held three minutes prior to the scheduled game starting time, or as otherwise specified by individual state associations.

ART. 2 . . . At the coin toss or simulated coin toss conducted three minutes prior to the scheduled starting time on the field of play as in 3-2-1, not more than four team members in game uniform (captains) from each team may be present at the coin toss and only one from each team shall be designated as its spokesperson. All other team members in game uniform must remain outside the field of play.

ART. 3 . . . The winner of the toss shall have first choice of options for the first half or to defer and have first choice for the second half. The loser shall have the first choice of options for the half the winner of the toss did not select. The options for each half shall be:

  1. To choose whether his team will kick or receive.
  2. To choose the goal his team will defend. The team not having the first choice of options for a half shall exercise the remaining option.

ART. 4 . . . Between the first and second and between the third and fourth periods, the teams shall change goals. Team possession, number of the next down, the relative position of the ball and the line to gain remain unchanged.

  SECTION 3 ENDING A PERIOD – HALF  

ART. 1 . . . Approximately four minutes before the end of each half, the referee shall notify the field captains and their coaches of the time remaining. If time is not out, the referee shall order the game clock stopped while he does this. If an electric field clock is the official timepiece, no notification nor stoppage of the game clock is required.

ART. 2 . . . If time for any period expires during a down (clock indicates 0:00), play shall continue until the down ends, even if a mechanical signal is allowed to sound.

ART. 3 . . . A period shall be extended by an untimed down if one of the following occurred during a down in which time expires:

  1. There was a foul by either team and the penalty is accepted, except for those fouls listed in 3-3-4b.
  2. There was a double foul.
  3. There was an inadvertent whistle.
  4. If a touchdown was scored, the try is attempted unless the touchdown is scored during the last down of the fourth period and the point(s) would not affect the outcome of the game or playoff qualifying. If (a), (b), (c) or (d) occurs during the untimed down, the procedure is repeated.
 FOULS DURING DOWN IN WHICH TIME EXPIRES – EXTENDING A PERIOD 

3.3.3 SITUATION A: With the score B-7 and A-6, it is second and goal from B’s 9-yard line. The game clock is stopped due to an incomplete pass with four seconds remaining in the game. A1’s pass into the end zone is intercepted by B1 who runs to his 30-yard line where he is downed. Following the interception and during the run by B1, there is clipping in the end zone by B2. Time expires during the run. RULING: If the penalty for the foul by B2 is declined, the period is over. If the penalty is accepted, it results in a safety (two points) for A; however, the period is not extended. If this occurs at the end of period one or three, the teams will change ends of the field and B will kick from B’s 20-yard line. [3-3-4b(5)]

3.3.3 SITUATION B: Near the end of the third period, it is third and 4 for A from B’s 48-yard line. A1 advances to B’s 45 and during the run there is holding by B1. The penalty is accepted. At the end of the down there are three seconds remaining in the period. Because the penalty was the only reason for the game clock to be stopped, it is started with the ready-for-play signal and the period ends before A snaps the ball. RULING: A is not entitled to an untimed down as time did not expire during the down.

 INADVERTENT WHISTLE 

3.3.3 SITUATION C: During a down when time expires, A1 gains 10 yards and fumbles. The covering official inadvertently sounds his whistle while the ball is loose. RULING: The period shall be extended for an untimed down and A may put the ball in play where it lost possession or it may choose to replay the down from the previous spot. (3-3-3c)

 DEAD-BALL FOUL – NO EXTENSION 

3.3.3 SITUATION D: With the ball at B’s 1-yard line and 12 seconds remaining in the game, A1 advances to the ½-yard line. After the ball is dead, B1 fouls. The game clock is stopped with five seconds remaining in the game. A has the option to start the game clock on the snap, but chooses to start the game clock on the ready-for-play signal. The game clock is restarted when the ball is marked ready for play. Before A can snap the ball, time expires. RULING: The game is ended. There is no extension of the period for an untimed down, unless there is acceptance of the penalty for a foul that occurs during a down in which time expires. B1’s foul did not occur during the down. However, if the referee judges B1 com- mitted the foul to consume time, he shall delay starting the clock until the snap. COMMENT: When either team attempts to conserve or consume time illegally, the referee shall invoke Rule 3-4-6 and start or delay the start of the game or play clocks as authorized. (3-4-6, 3-4-7, 3-6-2f, 9-10-2)

 TRY OR NOT 

3.3.3 SITUATION E: A1 breaks free on B’s 20-yard line and is near the goal line on a run which will score the go-ahead touchdown. Just before entering the end zone, A1 turns and taunts B1. Time in the fourth period expires during the run. RULING: The touchdown is scored and the unsportsmanlike foul by A1 cannot be penalized. While such situations do not occur frequently, it must be recognized that at some point penalty enforcement is ended. If the try is required for playoff qualification, the penalty is enforced on the try. (10-4-5a)

3.3.3 SITUATION F: With the score A-14, B-23, A scores a touchdown: (a) as time expires in the fourth period; or (b) as time expires in the third period; or (c) as time expires in the fourth period in a state in which a tie-breaking procedure for playoff qualification is based on points scored. RULING: In (a), the try will not be permitted – the game is over and the final score is A-20, B-23. In (b), the try is attempted as part of the third period. The try in (c) is permissible if the potential point(s) is needed in a tie-breaker system for playoff qualification. Each state must interpret this provision as it applies to its particular qualifying plan. (8-3-1 EXCEPTION)

 AWARDED CATCH EXTENDS PERIOD 

3.3.3 SITUATION G: K1 punts on fourth and 15 from his own 20-yard line. R1 signals for a fair catch at R’s 30. K2 commits kick-catching interference at R’s 35 and time for the second period expires during the down. R2 recovers the kick at R’s 28. RULING: If R declines the penalty, the period is over. If R accepts an awarded catch or has the penalty otherwise enforced, the period will be extended by an untimed down. (6-5-6 PENALTY)

ART. 4 . . . A period shall not be extended by an untimed down if one of the following occurred during a down in which time expires:

  1. When the defense fouls during a successful try/field goal and the offended team accepts the results of the play with enforcement of the penalty from the succeeding spot.
  2. There was a foul by either team and the penalty is accepted for:
    1. unsportsmanlike fouls,
    2. nonplayer fouls,
    3. fouls that specify a loss of down,
    4. fouls that are enforced on the subsequent kickoff as in Rule 8-2-2, 8-2- 3, 8-2-4 or 8-2-5; or
    5. fouls for which enforcement, by rule, result in a safety.

     NOTE: The score is canceled in the event of an accepted penalty that specifies a loss of down.

 NO UNTIMED DOWN 

3.3.4 SITUATION A: Time expires for the second period as A11 runs the ball beyond the line to gain and A11 then throws a forward pass to A9 who scores a touchdown. RULING: Team B will likely accept the penalty, which will negate the touchdown. The period will not be extended as A’s foul contained a loss-of-down provision.

3.3.4 SITUATION B: The game clock is running with 10 seconds remaining in the fourth period as A1 drops back about 4 yards and intentionally grounds a for- ward pass to stop the game clock. The penalty is accepted and B will likely decline the option to start the game clock on the snap. The referee starts the game clock on the ready following penalty enforcement and time expires before A can snap the ball. RULING: If B accepted the penalty for A’s foul and declines the option to start the game clock on the snap, the game is over. There is no untimed down as the game clock did not expire during the down in which A1 committed the foul. (3-4-6, 3-4-7)

3.3.4 SITUATION C: On a down in which time expires for the period, Team A throws a pass which is intercepted by B1. B1 advances to the 3-yard line where he: (a) throws an incomplete pass; (b) throws a pass to B2 in the end zone for an apparent touchdown; or (c) hands the ball forward to B2 who runs for an apparent touchdown. RULING: In (a) and (b), B has thrown an illegal forward pass. In (c), B is guilty of illegal handing the ball forward. In (a), A will accept the penalty. In (b) and (c), A will accept the penalty to negate the score. If this occurs at the end of the first or third period, B will have the ball first and 10 to start the subsequent period following enforcement of the penalty. If this occurs at the end of the half, the half is over. In (a), (b) and (c), the period will not be extended as Team B has committed a foul for which the loss-of-down aspect does not apply to the penalty when enforced. (5-2-2)

3.3.4 SITUATION D: In the middle of a period, Team A throws a pass which is intercepted by B1. B1 advances to the 8-yard line where he: (a) throws an incomplete pass; (b) throws a pass to B2 in the end zone for an apparent touchdown; or (c) hands the ball forward to B2 who runs for apparent touchdown. RULING: In (a), (b) and (c), the accepted foul will result in B having the ball, first and 10 after enforcement of the distance penalty, as the loss-of-down aspect of the penalty would not apply. (5-2-2)

ART. 5 . . . At the end of each period the referee shall hold the ball in one hand overhead to indicate the period has officially ended, after delaying momentarily to ensure that:

  1. No foul has occurred.
  2. No obvious timing error has occurred.
  3. No request for a coach-referee conference has occurred.
  4. No other irregularity has occurred.
 END OF PERIOD 

3.3.5 SITUATION A: A trails by three points in the fourth period with the ball on B’s 20, fourth and 10 and two seconds on the game clock. A1 throws an incomplete pass into B’s end zone with time expired. The referee quickly glances to each sideline and then begins to leave the field. After the referee crosses the sideline, the referee hears the line judge blowing his whistle. The line judge explains that B1 committed pass interference during the down in which time expired. RULING: The game is not officially over even though the referee left the field. Since a foul had been called, the referee will give A a chance to accept the penalty and extend the period with an un- timed down from B’s 10-yard line. COMMENT: The game is officially over when the referee holds the ball overhead and leaves the field. Before doing this however, the referee should pause briefly and glance to both sidelines and make sure there are no fouls, no obvious timing error, no request for a coach-referee conference, etc.

3.3.5 SITUATION B: Time expires at the end of the second period during a scrimmage kick. After the down, K1 piles on and R1 strikes K2. RULING: The penalties for these dead-ball fouls cancel. R1 will be disqualified for fighting. (9- 4-1, 10-2-5b, c; 10-4-5b) 

ART. 6 . . . If a dead-ball foul occurs after time expires for any period, the penalty shall be measured from the succeeding spot unless 8-2-5 applies.

  SECTION 4 STARTING AND STOPPING THE GAME CLOCK  

ART. 1 . . . The game clock shall start for a period:

  1. If a period begins with a free kick when the kick is touched, other than first touching by K.
  2. If a period begins with a snap, when the ball is legally snapped.

ART. 2 . . . The game clock shall start with the ready-for-play on a down beginning with a snap if the game clock was stopped for any reason other than specified in Rule 3-4-3 or an untimed down:

  1. For an official’s time-out, other than when B is awarded a new series or either team is awarded a new series following a legal kick.
  2. Because the ball has become dead following any foul provided:
    1. There has been no charged time-out during the dead-ball interval.
    2. The down is not an extension of a period or a try.
    3. The action which caused the down to end did not also cause the game clock to be stopped.
  3. Because of an inadvertent whistle, unless B or R is in possession at the time of the inadvertent whistle during a running play and chooses to accept the result of the play.
 STARTING AND STOPPING THE GAME CLOCK 

3.4.2 SITUATION A: Near the end of the second period, there is a false start by A1 clearly for the purpose of stopping the game clock: (a) in the first or third periods or with two minutes or more remaining in the second or fourth periods; or (b) with less than two minutes remaining in the second or fourth periods. When will the game clock be restarted? RULING: In (a), because the foul was the only reason for stopping the game clock, it will be restarted on the ready-for-play signal following the enforcement of the penalty unless the referee feels compelled to start the game clock on the snap by 3-4-6. In (b), Team B shall have the option to start the game clock on the snap. (3-4-7)

3.4.2 SITUATION B: K1’s kickoff is caught by R1 and returned to R’s 30. While the kick is in flight, R2 blocks K2 below the waist on R’s 40. RULING: If the penalty is declined, R will have the ball first and 10 on R’s 30. Since the game clock is stopped for a new series following a legal kick, the game clock will start with the snap. If the penalty is accepted, K will rekick from R’s 45. The game clock will start when the kick is touched other than first touching by K. When a free kick down is replayed, the game clock will start the same as it does on the original free kick. (3-4-1, 3-4-3)

3.4.2 SITUATION C: Near the end of a period with 28 seconds left, K1 punts on fourth down. During the kick the covering official inadvertently sounds his whistle. The game clock is stopped with 23 seconds remaining. RULING: The game clock will be started with the ready-for-play signal. The down must be replayed.

3.4.2 SITUATION D: There are 55 seconds to go in the game when K11 punts the ball from a fourth and 10 situation. R1 catches the kick and returns 10 yards. During the down, but prior to the catch, K3 holds R2. R accepts the penalty. RULING: After enforcement, the game clock starts on the ready-for-play signal unless the offended team chooses to start the game clock on the snap inside the last two minutes of either half. [3-4-2b(3)] 

ART. 3 . . . The game clock shall start with the snap or when any free kick is touched, other than first touching by K, if the game clock was stopped because:

  1. The ball goes out of bounds.
  2. B or R is awarded a new series.
  3. Either team is awarded a new series following a legal kick.
  4. The ball becomes dead behind the goal line.
  5. A legal or illegal forward pass is incomplete.
  6. A request for a charged or TV/radio time-out is granted.
  7. A period ends.
  8. A team attempts to consume time illegally.
  9. The penalty for a delay of game foul is accepted.
  10. A fair catch is made.
 STARTING AND STOPPING THE GAME CLOCK 

3.4.3 SITUATION A: During a scrimmage kick: (a) R1 signals for and makes a fair catch; or (b) R2 is contacted by K1 before he can attempt to catch the kick. RULING: In (a), the game clock was stopped because of the fair catch. It will start when the ball is snapped, or if put in play by a free kick, when the ball is touched other than first touching by K. In (b), the action which caused the game clock to be stopped was the foul by K1. When there is kick-catching interference, the offended team has a number of choices. If an awarded fair catch is accepted, the game clock will start as in (a). (3-4-2b) 

3.4.3 SITUATION B: There are 40 seconds to go in the first period when A is faced with a punting situation against a strong wind while deep in its own territory. After running 23 seconds off the game clock, A is called for a false start. RULING: If B accepts, A will be penalized 5 yards and the referee has the discretion to start the game clock on the snap if it is judged that A was consuming time illegally. (3-4-6)

3.4.3 SITUATION C: Receiver A1 controls a pass while airborne near A’s side- line. B1 contacts A1 (but does not carry him) who then lands out of bounds in possession of the ball. B1 does not drive the receiver backward from his forward progress. The covering official rules an incomplete pass. RULING: The game clock is stopped because of the receiver being out of bounds; therefore, the pass is incomplete. The game clock will start with the snap.

3.4.3 SITUATION D: With third and 10: (a) A1 fumbles the ball and B recovers, or (b) A1’s pass is intercepted by B. When will the game clock be restarted? RULING: Since a change of possession has occurred in both (a) and (b) and B is awarded a new series of downs, the game clock will start on the snap.

3.4.3 SITUATION E: On fourth down (a) K1’s punt is blocked by R1 behind the neutral zone where K2 recovers and advances beyond the line to gain, or (b) is stopped behind the line to gain. RULING: In (a) and (b) the game clock will start on the snap because a new series has been awarded following a legal kick.

3.4.3 SITUATION F: K11 punts on fourth and 10. R1 catches the kick after giving a legal fair catch signal. Prior to the snap, K2 was illegally in motion. R accepts the penalty for illegal motion. RULING: Regardless of where R chooses enforcement, after enforcement the game clock shall start on the snap as both the down ending and game clock stopping was due to the fair catch.

3.4.3 SITUATION G: A1 throws an incomplete pass on third down. During the play, A3 holds. B accepts the penalty. RULING: After enforcement, the game clock shall start on the snap. (3-4-3e)

ART. 4 . . . The game clock shall be stopped when:

  1. The down ends following a foul.
  2. An official’s time-out is taken.
  3. A charged or TV/radio time-out is granted.
  4. The period ends.
  5. The ball is out of bounds.
  6. A legal or illegal forward pass is incomplete.
  7. A score or touchback occurs.
  8. A fair catch is made.
  9.  An inadvertent whistle is sounded.
  10. An airborne receiver is carried out of bounds, unless the receiver is carried backwards and his forward progress was stopped inbounds.

ART. 5 . . . The game clock shall not start on first touching by K.

ART. 6 . . . When a team attempts to conserve or consume time illegally, the referee shall order the game or play clock started or stopped.

 REFEREE ORDER GAME OR PLAY CLOCK STARTED/STOPPED 

3.4.6 COMMENT: Is there suggested guidance in determining situations where a team may be conserving or consuming time illegally and the referee should consider starting/stopping the game or play clock, as in Rule 3-4-6 outside of the final two minutes of either half? Yes. In general, the referee must be aware of game situations where A could manipulate the game or play clock by repeatedly committing dead- ball fouls, or in other ways, intentionally try to restart the play clock in a situation when it would normally start on the ready in order to manipulate the remaining time. The following represent examples of plays where the referee may need to start or stop the game or play clock to ensure competitive fairness to both teams: a) With 19 seconds remaining on the game clock but only 5 seconds remaining on the play clock, the game clock is running in the first period. Team K is in punt formation on fourth down. K will apparently be kicking into a strong wind. Lineman K62 commits a ‘false start’ just before the snap. If this occurs, K should be penalized 5 yards if accepted. The referee shall invoke Rule 3-4-6 and start the game clock on the snap. b) With the game clock running, A2 does not have his chinstrap snapped as the ball is about to become “live.” In this case, the play clock should be stopped and the player removed from the game for one play unless the halftime intermission or overtime intermission occurs. The game clock will start on the snap, un- less the referee invokes Rule 3-4-6 if he felt an advantage was intentionally gained. This list is not intended to be exhaustive but only to offer guidance to referees. 

ART. 7 . . . When a foul is committed with less than two minutes remaining in either half, the offended team will have the option to start the game clock on the snap.

 ACCEPTED PENALTY INSIDE TWO MINUTES OF EITHER HALF 

3.4.7 SITUATION A: With time expiring inside the last two minutes in the second or fourth period and A behind in the score, A1 intentionally throws the ball forward to the ground in order to stop the game clock. A1’s action took place: (a) immediately after receiving the snap while A1 was lined up 3 yards deep; or (b) immediately after receiving the snap; or (c) after A1 delayed and throws an illegal forward pass. RULING: In (a) and (b), the grounding is legal and the game clock remains stopped until the subsequent snap. Illegal forward pass in (c), and the game clock shall be started on the ready-for-play signal unless Team B chooses to start the game clock on the snap. (7-5-2d EXCEPTION)

3.4.7 SITUATION B: With less than a minute remaining in the game, the score is 21-20 in favor of B. The game clock is running and the ball is on B’s 10-yard line. An option play on third down gains 5 yards, but is short of a first down. Following the tackle, the tackler B1 holds A1 down for a few moments, but the covering official does not judge the action to be illegal. RULING: Though B1 may have held A1 down momentarily, the game clock will continue to run because no foul was called. COMMENT: In some situations there is a delay in unpiling and no individual player or team is to blame. In such situations the referee is authorized to stop the game clock momentarily so no more clock time than normal is used in getting the ball ready for play. (3-4-3h)

3.4.7 SITUATION C: With less than a minute remaining in the game, Team B trails 21-20. B1 commits a holding foul during the down. Following the play, A2 commits an unsportsmanlike conduct foul. RULING: The fouls are administered separately and in order of occurrence. In addition, Team A is given the choice of starting the game clock on the snap. If Team A declines to start the game clock on the snap, Team B is then given the option of starting the game clock on the snap. With Team B trailing, Team B will likely choose to start the game clock on the snap. (10-1-3)

3.4.7 SITUATION D: Team B is trailing with less than two minutes remaining in the game. On third down, A53 commits a holding foul and Team A is stopped short of the line to gain inbounds. RULING: Whether or not B accepts A’s foul for holding, B may choose to start the clock on the snap. (3-6-1)

ART. 8 . . . The referee shall have the authority to correct obvious errors in timing by the game clock if discovery is prior to the second live ball following the error, unless the period has officially ended as in 3-3-5.

 TIMING ERROR 

3.4.8 SITUATION: During the second down of a series, the game clock goes directly from 1:45 to :45 and is not detected. Following third down, time expires for either the first or second period: (a) before, or (b) after the referee has indicated the period has officially ended, the error is discovered. RULING: In (a), the timing error is correctable because it was discovered prior to the second live ball and before the period officially had ended. However, in (b), the timing error cannot be corrected whether it is the first or second period. (3-3-5)

ART. 9 . . . The referee shall have the authority to correct obvious errors in timing by the play clock if discovery is prior to the snap.

  SECTION 5 CHARGED AND OFFICIAL’S TIME-OUTS – INTERMISSIONS  

ART. 1 . . . Each team is entitled to three charged team time-outs during each half. Unused first half time-outs cannot be used in the second half. Unused second half time-outs cannot be used in overtime.

 TIME-OUT: CONFERENCE, SUCCESSIVE, HEAT 

3.5.1 SITUATION A: Team A and Team B are tied at the conclusion of the fourth period and the state association has adopted the procedure for resolving tied games as listed in the NFHS Football Rules Book. Team A has utilized one time- out in the second half and Team B has used three. The procedure for resolving tied games grants one time-out to each team in each overtime period. The coach of Team A asks the referee if his team will now have three time-outs in overtime (the two unused plus the one for the first overtime). RULING: The team has only one time-out per period, and that the unused second half time-outs do not carry over to overtime. Both teams will have one time-out in each overtime period.

3.5.1 SITUATION B: Team A and Team B are in the third overtime series attempting to resolve a tied game using the NFHS-recommended Resolving Tied Games procedure. Team A has not utilized any time-outs during overtime. As Team B sets up for a field-goal attempt in the third overtime, Team A calls time-out. Following the time-out, the head coach requests another time-out due to the fact that he has not yet utilized a time-out during overtime. RULING: The request is denied because unless otherwise altered by the state association, the NFHS-recommended Resolving Tied Games procedure limits time-outs to one per overtime period.

ART. 2 . . . A charged team time-out occurs when the ball is dead and:

  1. The request of either a player or the head coach (or head coach’s designee) is legally granted. When a decision on a penalty is pending, a time-out shall not be granted to either team until the designated representative makes his choice.
  2. The repair of faulty player equipment requires the assistance of a team attendant or attendants, or which, without the assistance of a team attendant delays the ready-for-play for more than 25 seconds other than as in 3-5- 10d or 3-5-10e.
  3. A time-out is requested and granted for the purpose of reviewing a game official’s application of a rule which may have been misapplied or misinterpreted. The time-out remains charged to the requesting team, if no change in the ruling results.
 TIME-OUT: CONFERENCE, SUCCESSIVE, HEAT 

3.5.2 SITUATION A: The captain of A requests a time-out and informs the referee that the coach wishes to have a conference concerning the previous play. During the conference: (a) the captain or all A players go near the sideline to confer with their coaches, or (b) the coach of B goes on the field to the team’s huddle to confer. RULING: Permissible in both (a) and (b). The time-out, when granted, is charged to A, thus legalizing the conferences. If a game official has erred and a correction is made, the conference in both (a) and (b) is terminated. In that case, the time-out is not charged to A, but is an official’s time-out. If the coach is in error, the time-out remains charged to A. (2-6, 3-5-2c)

3.5.2 SITUATION B: Team A wishes to call a time-out: (a) a player requests a time-out; (b) the head coach on the field requests a time-out; (c) an assistant coach on the field requests a time-out; (d) the head coach is in the press box and an assistant coach on the field requests a time-out; or (e) the head coach has been disqualified and an assistant coach on the field requests a time-out. RULING: In (a) and (b), upon visual contact, the time-out is granted. In (c), (d) and (e), the time-out is granted only if the coach is the head coach’s designee. NOTE: The designee shall remain in place for the entire game except in case of emergency.

ART. 3 . . . A single charged time-out shall not exceed one minute. The referee shall notify the teams within five seconds after the time-out expires and shall mark the ball ready for play. Charged time-outs shall be reduced in length only if both teams are ready to play prior to the ready-for-play by the referee.

ART. 4 . . . Successive charged time-outs may be granted during the same dead-ball period. An official’s time-out may follow a charged time-out if it is for the continuance of a coach-referee conference, or if safety is involved. When a team’s permissible charged time-outs for the half have been used, its captain and coach should be notified.

 TIME-OUT: CONFERENCE, SUCCESSIVE, HEAT 

3.5.4 SITUATION: Near the end of the second period, A requests and is granted a charged time-out. After both teams are ready to play, A comes to the line of scrimmage in an unusual formation. The captain of B immediately requests a time-out which is granted. At the end of this time-out period, when A comes to the line of scrimmage again, A1 notices B has adjusted its defense. A1 then requests a second charged time-out during the same dead-ball period. RULING: If A has time-outs remaining, the referee will grant the request for the charged time-out. Successive time-outs by the same team, or by one team followed by the other team, are permissible.

ART. 5 . . . After a team has used its permissible charged time-outs for the half, any subsequent request shall be denied unless it is for:

  1. An apparently injured player who is so designated when the request is made.
  2. Necessary repair to player equipment except as in 3-5-10d or 3-5-10e.
  3. The review of a possible misapplication or misinterpretation of a rule.

ART. 6 . . . If repair of equipment without the assistance of a team attendant delays the ready-for-play for more than 25 seconds, or requires the assistance of a team attendant(s) and the player’s team has used all permissible time-outs, the player shall be replaced for at least one down.

ART. 7 . . . An official’s time-out (which is not charged to either team) occurs during a dead ball:

  1. For measurement of a possible first down.
  2. When a first down is declared.
  3. Following a change of team possession.
  4. When captains and coaches are notified of the time remaining.
  5. For a player in need of equipment repair.
  6. To dry or change the ball.
  7. For unusual heat or humidity which may create a health risk to the players.
  8. When a coach-referee conference concerning the misapplication of a rule results in the referee altering his ruling. (3-5-11)
  9. After a foul, to administer the penalty.
  10. For any unusual delay in getting the ball ready for play.
  11. For a TV/radio time-out that is permitted and granted as authorized by state association policy.
  12. For a one-minute intermission between the first and second and the third and fourth periods and following a try, successful field goal or safety and prior to the succeeding free kick. 

ART. 8 . . . Authorized conferences

  1. An authorized conference may be held during:
    1. a charged time-out;
    2. an official’s time-out (3-5-7g, 3-5-7k and 3-5-7l); or
    3. if granted by the referee in 3-5-10.
  2. Only one type of authorized team conference may be used during:
    1. any charged time-out; or
    2. official’s time-out (3-5-7g, 3-5-7k and 3-5-7l)
  3. Only an Outside 9-Yard Mark Conference may be held in 3-5-8a(3).
 TIME-OUT: CONFERENCE, SUCCESSIVE, HEAT 

3.5.8 SITUATION A: During a charged time-out, an official’s time-out for heat/ humidity, a TV/radio time-out, or the intermission between the first and second or the third and fourth periods, or following a try: (a) team members of A confer with their head coach in front of the team box near the sideline; or (b) the coach of B goes to the huddle of B between the 9-yard marks, and talks to an assistant via a headset he brought to the huddle; or (c) the coach of B goes on the field and uses the time to berate and loudly question the referee regarding a previous play; or (d) the coach wishes to discuss the previous play with the referee; or (e) the head coach of A goes to the team huddle on the field for 30 seconds and then comes out and another coach takes his place for the rest of the time-out. RULING: It is a legal conference in (a) and (b). In (a), the players may use the headsets. In (b), the players may not use the headsets. In (c) and (e), it is illegal. In (d), this conference must be held at the sideline in front of the team box regardless of which authorized conference procedure is used. (2-6-2, 9-8-1c, 9-8-1i)

3.5.8 SITUATION B: A game official stops the game clock for an injury to player A1. While the injured played is being attended to, the coach of Team B attempts to hold a conference (a) between the 9-yard marks; or (b) in front of the team box outside the 9-yard marks. RULING: In (a) the conference must move outside the 9-yard marks; in (b), legal conference. COMMENT: If the injured player is being attended in the area outside the 9-yard marks, the game officials should relocate the conference outside the 9-yard marks to an area that allowed for uninhibited access to the injured player by all appropriate health-care professionals.

ART. 9 . . . Unless the game clock is already stopped, an official’s time-out shall be taken as soon as the ball becomes dead following a change of team possession or whenever the covering official declares the ball dead, and it appears to the game official the ball has reached the line to gain.

ART. 10 . . . An official’s time-out (which is not charged to either team) occurs, and the player shall be replaced for at least one down, unless halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs when:

  1. An apparently injured player is discovered by a game official while the ball is dead and the game clock is stopped and for whom the ready-for-play is delayed, or for whom the game or play clock is stopped.
  2. Any player who exhibits signs, symptoms or behaviors consistent with a concussion (such as loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, confusion or balance problems) shall be immediately removed from the game and shall not return to play until cleared by an appropriate health-care professional. (NFHS Suggested Guidelines for Management of Concussion in Sports, in Appendix B.)
  3. A game official discovers any player who is bleeding, has an open wound, has any amount of blood on his/her uniform, or has blood on his/her person. The player shall be directed to leave the game until the bleeding is stopped, the wound is covered, the uniform and/or body is appropriately cleaned, and/or the uniform is changed before returning to competition. (NFHS Communicable Disease Procedures, in Appendix D.)
  4. The helmet comes completely off during the down or subsequent dead-ball action related to the down without being directly attributable to a foul by an opponent.
  5. Any required player equipment is missing or improperly worn.
 INJURED/BLEEDING PLAYER – TIME-OUT 

3.5.10 SITUATION A: A game official stops the game or play clock when he notices quarterback A1 has a bloody nose. A1 is directed to go to his team box. The coach of A then requests a time-out and A1’s bleeding is stopped during the time-out. A1 re-enters with other teammates following the time-out. RULING: A1 must remain in the team box for at least one down. A time-out called after a game official has stopped the game or play clock for an injured player does not allow the injured player to remain in the game. Any conference during the official’s time-out must be held outside the 9-yard marks. If the coach’s request for a charged time-out is granted, either type of conference may be used, but A1 may not re-enter the game until one play has elapsed and cannot participate in an on-field conference. [3-5-8a(3), 3-5-8c, 3-5-10]

3.5.10 SITUATION B: A1 has an open wound or scratch on his arm. In (a) Team A takes a charged team time-out before the wound is noticed by a game official; or (b) the covering official calls an official’s time-out for the player’s injury to be evaluated. RULING: In (a), if A1’s wound is properly treated before the time-out ends, he may return to the game immediately; in (b), because the covering official’s time-out was taken, A1 must leave the game for at least one down and may not return until the wound is properly treated. In (b), any conference must be held outside the 9-yard marks. [3-5-8a(3), 3-5-8c]

3.5.10 SITUATION C: Midway through the second period, the game clock is stopped for: (a) an incomplete forward pass; or (b) a measurement; or (c) an out-of-bounds play, when a game official notices that A1 appears to be injured. RULING: A1 must be replaced for at least one down in (a), (b) and (c). As it is an official’s time-out. If A1 is injured during the last down of either half, he may return for the first play or down of the second half or overtime period. 

 CONCUSSION 

3.5.10 SITUATION D: What guidelines should the game officials follow in determining if a player may have a concussion? RULING: Game officials should observe players. If any player who exhibits signs, symptoms or behaviors consistent with a concussion (such as loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, confusion or balance problems), the game officials shall ensure that the player is immediately removed from the game. All game officials should review the NFHS Suggested Guidelines for Management of Concussion in Sports in the back of the NFHS Football Rules Book.

 HELMET COMING OFF 

3.5.10 SITUATION E: During a down, the helmet of A1 or B1 comes off: (a) after an opponent grasps the face mask, chin strap or tooth and mouth protector; (b) after a legal block to the opponent; (c) after a legal block by an opponent; or (d) after either falls to the ground without contact; (e) after either falls to the ground immediately following the ball becoming dead. RULING: In (a), the player does not have to be replaced for one down. In (b), (c), (d) and (e), the player must be replaced for one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. When in doubt, and particularly when no foul is called, the player must be replaced for one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. An officials or charged team time-out does not exempt the player from being replaced for one down.

3.5.10 SITUATION F: While tackling runner A1, B1’s helmet comes off as a result of the legal tackle. RULING: B1 must be replaced for one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs.

3.5.10 SITUATION G: Runner A1 is tackled legally by B1 and B2. A1’s helmet comes off during the tackle. RULING: A1 must be replaced for one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. The ball becomes dead when A1’s helmet comes off. (4-2-2k) 

 MISSING OR IMPROPERLY WORN EQUIPMENT 

3.5.10 SITUATION H: B10 has (a) a two-attachment points chin strap or (b) a four-attachment points chin strap and the umpire notices that not all attachment points are secured. RULING: All available attachment points must be secured and all helmets must be secured with a four-attachment points system. An official’s time- out is declared and the player must be replaced for at least one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. COMMENT: Any time the play clock is interrupted for improperly worn or missing equipment by a player, the player is to be removed from the game for at least one play. (1-5-5, 1-5-6, 3-5-10e)

3.5.10 SITUATION I: Team A’s players are wearing jerseys: (a) just covering the shoulder pads, and their midriffs are exposed; or (b) that extend below the top of their pants, but some players have them tucked in, while others have them outside their pants; or (c) that are waist length, but have tucked them up under the bottom of their shoulder pads; or (d) with an undershirt that extends below the top of the waist line of the pants and is not tucked in. RULING: The jerseys in (a) and (c) are not legal. An official’s time-out is declared and the player must be replaced for at least one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. This incident should be reported to the proper administrative authorities at the visiting team’s school and the state association office. In (b) and (d), the jerseys (and undershirts) of all players will have to be tucked inside the pants upon discovery and tucking the jerseys may not delay the ready-for-play signal. If repair cannot be made without delaying the ready-for-play signal, an official’s time-out is declared and the player must be replaced for at least one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. COMMENT: Any time the play clock is interrupted for improperly worn or missing equipment by a player, the player is to be removed from the game for at least one play. [1-5-1b(1), 1-5-5, 1-5-6, 3-5-2b, 3-5-10e]

3.5.10 SITUATION J: During a play during the first period, B1 is detected wearing: (a) an earring; or (b) a necklace; or (c) a ring; or (d) a medical alert bracelet; or (e) a religious medallion. RULING: In (a), (b) and (c), an official’s time-out is declared and the player must be replaced for at least one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. B1 must comply with the rules before further participation. COMMENT: Any time the play clock is interrupted for improperly worn or missing equipment by a player, the player is to be removed from the game for at least one play. In (d), legal if securely attached to the body and visible, if necessary, and judged by the game official not to present a hazard to the wearer or other players. In (e), the medallion must be taped to the body. [1-5-3c(6)]

3.5.10 SITUATION K: Near the end of the first period, A1 is discovered to be wearing: (a) shoes with cleats which are more than ½ inch in length; or (b) a slippery substance on his uniform, exposed body part or hands; or (c) a knee brace which has an unpadded strip of metal across the front of the leg; or (d) a glove that does not contain the appropriate NOCSAE or SFIA glove seal; or (e) a helmet without an exterior warning label. RULING: In (a), (b) and (e), an unsportsmanlike penalty is assessed from the succeeding spot because the head coach has previously verified all players were using only legal equipment. In (c) and (d), an official’s time-out is declared and the player must be replaced for at least one down unless the halftime intermission or an overtime intermission occurs. If the equipment is detected between downs and can be removed or made legal without delaying the ready-for-play signal, the player may remain in the game. COMMENT: Any time the play clock is interrupted for improperly worn or missing equipment by a player, the player is to be removed from the game for at least one play. (1-5-4)

3.5.10 SITUATION L: In the first period, the umpire observes three linemen for Team A wearing towels. One towel is solid blue, and the other two are white. RULING: Legal. Towels are not required to meet color specifications and are only subject to the restrictions in 1-5-3a(5)a.

ART. 11 . . . A player, directed by his coach or the head coach, may request and be granted a time-out for the purpose of the coach and the referee reviewing a decision which may have resulted from misapplication or misinterpretation of a rule, provided the request is made prior to the time the ball becomes live following the play to be reviewed, unless the period has officially ended. When a time-out is so granted, the referee will confer with the coach at the sideline in front of his team box in the field of play. If the conference results in the referee altering the ruling, the opposing coach will be notified, the revision made, and the time-out shall be an official’s time-out. If the referee’s ruling prevails, the time-out remains charged to the team requesting the time-out for the conference.

 MISAPPLICATION OF RULES 

3.5.11 SITUATION A: It is third and 8 from A’s 45 when A1 throws an incomplete forward pass. Erroneously the ball is spotted at the 50, the ball marked ready for play, and K1 punts the ball into R’s end zone. Following the down, the R captain requests a time-out so the coach may discuss the misapplication of the rules with the referee on the missed spotting of the ball after third down. RULING: It is too late to make any correction. The error had to be recognized and correction made before the ball was snapped on fourth down.

3.5.11 SITUATION B: Following a fourth-down incomplete forward pass late in the fourth period, a time-out is properly requested for a coach-referee conference regarding possible misapplication of a rule. (a) The coach of B questions a pass interference call on B1 during a second forward pass by A1; or (b) the coach of A questions why no pass interference by the defense was called and why the covering official inappropriately signaled that the pass was not catchable. In either case the referee determines the coach was correct and an incorrect ruling and in- appropriate signal had been applied. RULING: In (a), the penalty marker is picked up. In (b), a penalty marker may be dropped and the pass interference penalized. Misapplication of a rule or an incorrect signal may result in picking up a flag or dropping a marker to indicate a foul did occur and giving the appropriate signal. 

  SECTION 6 PLAY CLOCK, BALL READY FOR PLAY AND DELAY  

ART. 1 . . . Play clock and ready-for-play:

  1. Play clock:
    1. 25 seconds will be on the play clock and start on the ready-for-play signal:
      1. Prior to a try following a score;
      2. To start a period or overtime series;
      3. Following administration of an inadvertent whistle;
      4. Following a charged time-out;
      5. Following an official’s time-out as in 3-5-7 or 3-5-10.
        EXCEPTIONS:
        1. 3-5-7b;
        2. 3-5-7e, 3-5-7i or 3-5-10 if related to a defensive player.
      6. Following a legal kick, when either team is awarded a new series; and
      7. Following the stoppage of the play clock by the referee for any other reason.
    2. 40 seconds will be on the play clock after a down other than specified in 3-6-1a(1), and start when the ball is declared dead by a game official.
  2. The ball is ready for play: 1
    1. When the ball has been placed for a down and the referee marks the ball ready for play after giving the ready-for-play signal as in 3-6-1a(1) with the game officials in position;
    2. Starting immediately after the ball has been ruled dead by a game official after a down, the ball has been placed on the ground by the game official and the game official has stepped away to position as in 3-6-1a(2).
 PLAY CLOCK, BALL READY FOR PLAY AND READY-FOR-PLAY SIGNAL 

3.6.1 COMMENT 1: Is there guidance for game officials in the implementation of the 40/25 play clock rule regarding the ready-for-play in general? Yes, when a 40-second play clock is running at various times while the game clock is already running, game officials will need to be alert to situations such as the fact there may be no distinct signal that the ball is ready for play and as such, all members of the crew will need to be alert for the moment the ball-placing game official (umpire) is in position after placing the ball to enforce formation rules properly. The application of the rule could also create a “silent wind,” a time when the referee gives the start-the-clock signal following a first down but does not blow the whistle. Game officials should be alert to this moment and communicate as a crew to ensure smooth application of the rules.

3.6.1 COMMENT 2: Is there guidance in helping coaches and game officials better understand the times when the play clock and game clock might not be starting or running together, or when one should be running and one not running? Yes, the following represent examples of play situations but is not intended to be an exhaustive listing: 1) The ball is run up the middle and is short of the line-to-gain. A 40-second play clock starts when the ball is declared dead but the game clock does not stop; 2) An incomplete pass is thrown. A 40-second play clock starts immediately when the ball is declared dead but the game clock stops and then starts on the snap; 3) The ball is run to gain a first down and the tackle is inbounds. A 40-second play clock starts when the ball is declared dead, the game clock stops for the first down and the game clock starts on the referee’s signal (without a whistle being blown) when the ball is spotted and the placing official is in position; 4) A sweep play is run to the right side and the runner is forced out of bounds short of the line-to-gain. A 40-second play clock starts when the ball is declared dead and the game clock stops when the runner is forced out of bounds and starts on the snap; 5) A pass is complete for a first down and the tackle is inbounds, but A77 is flagged for holding during the play. The game clock stops to administer the penalty if accepted. If two minutes or more remain in either half, the ball is spotted and the referee gives the ready-for-play signal to start a 25-second play clock and start the game clock. If inside the last two minutes of either half, Team B is given the option to start the game clock on the snap; 6) After a run short of the line-to-gain, A22 fumbles and a pile forms; A88 recovers and the game clock is stopped to determine who recovered the fumble. The ball is spotted and the referee blows his whistle and gives the ready-for-play signal to start a 25-second play clock and starts the game clock; 7) After either team takes a time-out, the referee blows his whistle and gives the ready-for-play signal to start a 25-second play clock and the game clock starts on the snap; 8) During a run short of the line-to-gain, A22 is injured, the game clock stops and A22 must leave the game for at least one play. The ball is spotted and the referee blows the ready with a 25-second play clock and starts the game clock; 9) The ball is punted and a fair catch is made. The ball is spotted and the referee blows his whistle and gives the ready-for-play signal to start a 25-second play clock and the game clock starts on the snap.

3.6.1 SITUATION A: The 40-second play clock does not start or the play clock is interrupted for reasons beyond the control of the game officials or the play- clock operator (e.g., clock device malfunction). RULING: The referee shall stop the game clock and signal (both palms open in an over-the-head pumping motion) that the play clock should be reset at 40 seconds and started immediately.

3.6.1 SITUATION B: The 40-second play clock is running and reads 25 before the ball is ready for play. RULING: The referee shall declare a time-out and signal that the play clock be set at 25 seconds. When play is to be resumed, the referee will give the ready-for-play signal and the play clock shall begin the 25-second count with the game clock also starting if it was previously running.

3.6.1 SITUATION C: When the ball is dead after a running play that ends out of bounds, the 40-second play clock is started. The umpire receives the ball from the line judge, and as he is placing it on the ground, he sees that it is one of Team B’s balls. He tosses the ball to the line judge who attempts to get a Team A ball from the ball boy. RULING: If the play clock reads 25 or less before the correct ball is in from the sideline and ready for play, the referee declares a time-out and signals to reset the play clock to 25 seconds. When the correct ball is ready for play, he signals to start the play clock.

3.6.1 SITUATION D: When the ball is dead after a running play that ends in the side zone, the game officials have difficulty getting the ball in to the hash mark. As the play clock nears 25, the umpire places the ball on the ground, and by the time the game officials are ready, the play clock is below 25 when the umpire steps away. RULING: Without stopping the game clock, the referee gives the “pump” signal to indicate that the play clock is to be reset to 25. If the play clock is reset to 25 without any delay, the game clock does not stop. Only if the play clock operator does not quickly respond to the referee’s “pump” signal does the referee declare a time-out, signal for the play clock to be set at 25, and then signal to start the game clock and the play clock.

3.6.1 SITUATION E: On third and two, A45 fumbles after gaining three yards. The game officials cannot determine who has recovered the fumble, so the line judge signals the game clock to stop while the ball is being located. A45 is found to be in possession of the ball and (a) has not made his line to gain or (b) has made his line to gain. RULING: In (a) and (b), when the ball is ready for play, the referee immediately will give the ready-for-play signal starting the play clock and signal the game clock to start due to this administrative stoppage. 

ART. 2 . . . Action or inaction which prevents promptness in putting the ball in play is delay of game. This includes:

  1. Failure to snap or free kick prior to the expiration of the 25- or 40-second play clock.
  2. Unnecessarily carrying the ball after it has become dead.
  3. A coach-referee conference after all the permissible charged time-outs for the coach’s team have been used, and during which the referee is requested to reconsider the application of a rule and no change in the ruling results.
  4. Snapping or free kicking the ball before it is ready for play.
  5. Any other conduct which unduly prolongs the game.
  6. Failure to unpile from an opponent in a timely manner.
 DELAY OF GAME/NO MISAPPLICATION 

3.6.2 SITUATION A: During the down, there is a foul by A1 and the penalty is enforced. The captain of A requests a time-out for a coach-referee conference regarding misapplication, even though A has no time-outs remaining. The referee confers with the coach and there is no change of decision. RULING: A will be penalized for delay of game and the game clock will be started with the snap unless Rule 3-4-6 applies.

 CARRYING DEAD BALL FROM FIELD 

3.6.2 SITUATION B: (a) A1’s forward progress is stopped, but he continues to attempt to break free despite repeated blasts of the whistle by the covering official; or (b) B1 intercepts, is tackled, and then intentionally runs off the field with the ball. RULING: Delay of game in (a) and unsportsmanlike conduct in (b). (9-5-2)

ART. 3 . . . A team shall play within two minutes after being ordered to do so by the referee.

ART. 4 . . . Game management is responsible for clearing the field of play and the end zones at the beginning of each half so play may begin at the scheduled time.

PENALTY:
Arts. 2a-f, 4 – Delay of game – (S7-21) – 5 yards;
Art. 3 – Failure to play following order of referee – forfeiture of game.

  SECTION 7 SUBSTITUTIONS  

 SUBSTITUTIONS 

3.7 COMMENT: A procedure has been adopted to provide an equitable penalty as it relates to illegal substitution. The following are examples of the most com- mon situations and rulings:

  1. If a replaced player or substitute attempts to leave the field, but does not get off prior to the snap, the foul is considered as having occurred simultaneously with the snap and the penalty is enforced from the previous spot. (3-7-4, 10-4-2a)
  2. If a replaced player does not leave the field within three-seconds, it is a dead-ball, illegal-substitution foul. (3-7-1)
  3. If a replaced player or substitute goes off the field on the wrong side of the field during the down, it is an illegal substitution (live-ball foul). (10-4-2a)
  4. If an entering substitute is not on his team’s side of the neutral zone at the snap, illegal substitution is considered to have occurred simultaneously with the snap. If he then participates, it becomes a live-ball foul, illegal participation. (3-7-5, 9-6-4a)
  5. When a replaced player or substitute leaves on the wrong side of the field or goes across the end line prior to the snap, it is a dead-ball foul for illegal substitution. (3-7-2, 10-4-5b)
  6. If a replaced player or substitute enters the field during the down, but does not participate, it is a foul for illegal substitution by a nonplayer, a 5-yard penalty from the succeeding spot. (3-7-5, 9-6-4a)

In addition, the chart below should help game officials distinguish the actions of various team members who enter the field, during the down, but do not participate.

Play Situation (team member does not participate)
Nonplayer enters during the down 3-7-6 5 yards Succeeding spot (nonplayer)
Substitute enters during the down 3-7-6 5 yards Succeeding spot (nonplayer)
Player re-enters during down after being on field of play for previous down and then leaving the field 3-7-3 5 yards Nonplayer foul
Player who should be on field of play enters during down (11th or fewer player) 3-7-6 5 yards Succeeding spot (nonplayer)

ART. 1 . . . Between downs any number of eligible substitutes may replace players. Upon meeting the criteria of 2-32-12, replaced players shall begin to leave the field within three seconds.

 SUBSTITUTIONS 

3.7.1 SITUATION A: Substitutes A12 and B12 properly enter the game between downs. The replaced player of A remains in the team huddle while the replaced B player leaves the field within three seconds. RULING: In this situation, A is charged with a 5-yard penalty (dead ball) for an illegal substitution because the replaced player of A did not leave within three seconds as required.

3.7.1 SITUATION B: A number of team substitutes enter the field between downs. The game officials do not recognize that one replaced player does not leave the field within three seconds. When the ball is snapped: (a) B12 is at- tempting to get off the field, or (b) A12 is in the formation as an extra lineman. RULING: In (a), it is an illegal substitution foul and in (b) it is illegal participation. COMMENT: In a related situation, if the covering official’s count of players has determined there are more than 11 prior to the snap, a dead-ball illegal substitution foul should be charged since a replaced player(s) did not leave within three seconds. However, if the covering official’s count is not completed before the snap is imminent or if the substitution has not been monitored, it becomes ille- gal participation at the snap if more than 11 are in the formation. Each team is responsible for substituting legally and for replaced players to leave within three seconds as required. (3-7-4, 9-6-4c)

ART. 2 . . . A player, replaced player or a substitute is required to leave the field at the side on which his team box is located and go directly to his team box.

ART. 3 . . . During the same dead-ball interval, no substitute shall become a player and then withdraw and no player shall withdraw and re-enter as a substitute unless a penalty is accepted, a dead-ball foul occurs, there is a charged time-out or the period ends.

 SUBSTITUTIONS 

3.7.3 SITUATION A: B11 mistakenly believes he is his team’s 12th player and leaves the field before the snap (a) on his opponent’s sideline, or (b) on his side- line and enters his team box. B11 then discovers his error and returns to field on his team’s side of the neutral zone before the snap. RULING: In (a) B11 has committed illegal substitution by leaving on the opponent’s sideline. (3-7-2) In (b), there is no foul as long as B11 remains a player. (2-32-1) If done intentionally to gain an advantage, it is an illegal participation foul or it could be an unsportsmanlike foul. If B11 returns to the field after the snap in either (a) or (b) and participates, it is a live-ball foul for illegal participation. (9-5-1e; 9-6-4a, d)

3.7.3 SITUATION B: It is first and 10 on B’s 12-yard line and substitute B12 comes onto the field to replace B2 and communicates with him. Prior to the ball becoming live: (a) B2 leaves the field of play through the end zone and across B’s sideline without crossing the end line and continues toward his team box; or (b) B12, seeing that he will be unable to replace B2 before the ball is snapped, returns to his team box; or (c) B2, seeing that he will not be able to reach the sideline before the ball is snapped, leaves the field through the end zone and remains to observe the play; or (d) B12 becomes confused and withdraws through the end zone across the end line and goes around the field to return to B’s team box. RULING: In (a), the act is legal. In (b), (c) and (d), it is a nonplayer foul for illegal substitution. A player, replaced player or substitute is required to go directly to his team box. A substitute may not enter and withdraw in the same dead ball interval.

3.7.3 SITUATION C: With fourth and 5 from B’s 40, B12 enters and takes a position as a punt-returner and the replaced player leaves the field. B12 then realizes A is not going to punt and he returns to his team box. RULING: Illegal substitution. B12 became a player when he positioned in the formation and he must remain in the game for at least one down unless a penalty is accepted, a dead-ball foul occurs, there is a charged time-out or the period ends. (2-32)

3.7.3 SITUATION D: It is third and 3 on A’s 30 and A1 is downed short of the line to gain on his 28. Specialized kicker A12 immediately enters the field to replace A3 when the whistle is sounded, but prior to the referee signaling a time-out, because he had detected holding by B1. The designated representative of A accepts the penalty which results in first and 10 for A from its 38. Realizing the change of status: (a) A12 returns to his team box and is replaced by A3; or (b) A4 requests and is granted a charged time-out during which A12 returns to the team box. RULING: In (a), A12 may return as a penalty has been accepted for a foul which occurred during the down. In (b), A12 may be replaced without penalty because the substitution was made during a charged time-out.

ART. 4 . . . During a down a replaced player or substitute who attempts unsuccessfully to leave the field and who does not participate in or affect the play, constitutes an illegal substitution. NOTE: Participation by a replaced player or substitute is illegal participation as in 9-6.

ART. 5 . . . An entering substitute shall be on his team’s side of the neutral zone when the ball is snapped or free kicked.

 SUBSTITUTIONS 

3.7.5 SITUATION A: Substitute (a) A1, or (b) B1, noticing his team has only 10 players on the field, comes onto the field just as the ball is about to be snapped. RULING: In (a), A1 must be on the field on A’s side of the neutral zone, inside the 9-yard marks, and not violate the shift or motion provisions. Furthermore, the act of his coming onto the field must not deceive the defensive team. In (b), the substitution is legal as long as B1 is on the field on B’s side of the neutral zone prior to the snap. (3-7-6, 7-2-1, 7-2-6, 7-2-7, 9-6-4)

3.7.5 SITUATION B: Prior to the snap, B11 recognizes he is to be in the game and he enters on A’s side of the neutral zone. The ball is snapped before B11 gets to his team side. RULING: Illegal substitution at the snap. If the 5-yard penalty is accepted, it is enforced from the previous spot. (10-4-2)

ART. 6 . . . During a down, a replaced player or substitute who enters the field, but does not participate, constitutes illegal substitution.

PENALTY:
Arts. 1, 2, 3 – Illegal substitution – (S7-22) – 5 yards, dead-ball foul;
Arts. 4, 5 – Illegal substitution (S22) – 5 yards, live ball foul;
Art. 6 – Illegal substitution (S22) – 5 yards, nonplayer foul.